Author: Bill Giovino/FAQs Manager FAQS@microcontroller.com (email for FAQ only - see submission comments)
8051 FAQ Home Page: http://Microcontroller.com

Archive-name: microcontroller-faq/8051
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Official home location for this FAQ:
http://Microcontroller.com/embedded/references/faqs/8051-microcontroller-faq.htm
Last Revision: 7-Sep-2000
 

Notice on January 24, 2000
On September 28, 1999, Russ Hersch passed ownership of the 8051 FAQ to Microcontroller.com. Although somewhat out of date, we are committed to modernizing this FAQ to make it reflect the current state of the 8051 community. Our gratitude goes to Russ Hersch for all his diligent work over the years.

No advertising will be accepted on this FAQ page.

The following topics are addressed:

0) Rantings and ravings (to make the FAQ zero-based)

1) ABOUT THIS FAQ
1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
1.2) How can I contribute to this FAQ?
1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
1.4) May I distribute this FAQ or post it somewhere else?
1.5) How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?

2) ABOUT THE 8051
2.1) The 8051 microcontroller
2.2) 8051 Flavors
2.3) 16-bit 8051 parts
2.4) 8051 representatives and approximate prices
2.5) Common and New 80x51 variants
2.6) Advantages realized in implementing control applications on
this family of microcontrollers
2.7) Getting started
2.8) Technical Questions and Answers

3) SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051
3.1) FTP sites
3.2) Web pages [updated 16-July-2000]
3.3) Mailing lists
3.4) BBSs (removed July 2000)
3.5) Help available!

4) 8051 PRODUCTS
4.1) Free languages and development tools
4.2) Free C compilers [updated 16-July-2000]
4.3) Commercially available products

5) 8051 DOCUMENTATION
5.1) Periodicals
5.2) Books
5.3) Miscellaneous documentation

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0) Rantings and ravings by Russ Hersch

Disclaimer: Just so it is understood, the "rantings and ravings" are my rantings and raving. My readers are refined and sophisticated and would never rant or rave. I, on the other hand, sit in front of the TV in torn underwear and drink beer out of the bottle.

I would be happy to hear ideas on how this FAQ could be improved for the reader. If it makes MY job easier, then that's even better.

OK, with that out of the way, let's get on with it...

Students at the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil developed a "Remote Lab for the 8051". You send a machine code of the 8051 to a remote host (where there is 8051 board plugged in the PC) and receive the values of the registers. Study the 8051 microcontroller, without buying a board. For more information: http://www.inf.ufsc.br/~jbosco/labvir.htm

Take care,

Uncle Russ

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1) ABOUT THIS FAQ

1.1) Who put this FAQ together?

PART 1 - by Uncle Russ
I was prompted to put this FAQ together in response to my own frustration in searching for information, and to the constant occurrence of requests for information on this subject in various newsgroups. Hopefully others won't need to go through what I did.

Normally, I spend all day programming in assembler or C on an IBM PC. With my hobbyist hat on I decided to try my hand at a little microcontroller project design. When it came time to start, I had no idea what to do. I had nothing to start with - no assembler, no programming language, no simulator. I cobbled together a simulator to help me learn about the workings of the chip. It's not being made available to the public since I'm afraid the simulator isn't very good. It was for my own use, so the user interface (there is none) really sucks eggs.

I decided to search the net for information on the 8051. This list was compiled the hard way, logging onto every anonymous ftp site I could find and looking around. I also used Archie, other FAQs and lists, and every reference to the 8051 that appeared in the various news groups. It took a long time till stuff finally started popping up. I saved all of my notes and the result was the first version of this FAQ. Responses have been pouring in, and the result is a much more complete and thorough FAQ.

PART 2 - by Bill Giovino
This FAQ was posted and transferred to Microcontroller.com on 24-Jan-2000. Russ has done an excellent job of maintaining this FAQ, but his baby son insists on taking his time away from his "web duties". I gladly took over for Russ and am now engaged in the painstaking task of updating this work. painstaking because a lot is happening with the 8051 and embedded systems in general. My first order of work will be to update and correct the material already present in this FAQ. Second will be to add additional material to this work.

1.2) How can I contribute to this list?

I please ask that if you have any suggestions or additions, or you would like to correct any of the information contained herein, please send me a note.
My Email address is: Bill Giovino/FAQs Manager faqs@microcontroller.com
***THIS EMAIL ADDRESS IS FOR THE FAQ ONLY!!! If you send an email to this address on anything
other than this FAQ you will not get a response.
***PLEASE INCLUDE THE SECTION NUMBER YOU WISH ME TO MODIFY!!! I get plenty of suggestions from people who send me nothing but "add me to this FAQ", without mentioning where their listing should go. It takes a lot, I mean A LOT of work to manage a FAQ like this and I do it in my spare time, whatever that is. The more difficult or cryptic your FAQ suggestion, the less likely I will include your suggestion. Now, having gotten that out of the way, the list of individuals who have made significant contributions and have sent suggestions and encouragement is endless. I hope it suffices to say "Thank you to all who have contributed to this FAQ - we all appreciate it." Special thanks to contributors: Paul Stoffregen of SourceForge and Blue Earth Research. If you are a manufacturer and have a web site that supports the 8051, please let meknow so that I can add it to this FAQ. Also, please feel free to update me on new products. Remember to tell me what section to add the info to.

1.3)  Where will updates to this FAQ be posted to?
      Update announcements on this FAQ will be posted in the "About This site" section on the
     home page of Microcontroller.com.
      Info on this FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:
           comp.arch.embedded
           comp.sys.intel
           comp.realtime
           comp.robotics
           comp.lang.forth
     These newsgroups often contain discussions, announcements, or information on the 8051.
     Check them out from time to time.
      You might also want to check out the following newsgroups, since they quite frequently
     have discussions about the 8051 and other microcontrollers:
           comp.arch.embedded
           alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
      A bit farther afield, but still of possible interest:
           comp.lang.misc
           comp.ai.fuzzy
           comp.dsp
           sci.engr.control
           sci.engr.semiconductors
   1.4)  May I distribute this FAQ or post it somewhere else?
      I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ except:
      1. It must be distributed in its entirety
      2. The copyright notice must remain intact
      3. No financial gain may be realized from it
      For this reason a copyright statement is appended to the end of this FAQ to protect
     ourselves.  The copyright does not limit the use of this list for noncommercial purposes.
     I hereby give my permission to one and all to pass this list around and post it wherever
     you want - as long as the above three conditions are met.
          Thank you.
   1.5)  How about FAQs on other microcontrollers?
      If anyone wishes to start a FAQ on another microcontroller, please feel free to copy the format of this FAQ - I don't intend on
     copyrighting the look and feel ;-).  With a common format, we will all benefit when trying to find information on a particular
     microcontroller.
       Other Microcontroller FAQs
        Subject:  68hc11 microcontrollers
       Newsgroups:  comp.realtime
                    comp.robotics
                    sci.electronics
       Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu :  
                 /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
                 /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
                 /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
       Maintainer:  Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
                    Email: rboys@best.com
                    Russ Hersch (maintainer emeritus :-)
        Subject:  Microcontroller primer and FAQ
       Newsgroups:  comp.sys.intel
                    comp.arch.embedded
                    comp.robotics
                    sci.electronics
                    alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
       Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu :  
                 /pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
                 /pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
                 /pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
       Maintainer:  Russ Hersch
                    Email: russ@shani.net
       Additional FAQs of interest
        Subject:  I2C protocol
       Newsgroups:  sci.electronics
                    alt.hardware.homebuilt
                    comp.robotics
                    comp.protocols.misc.
       Comments:    The I2C bus is a simple 2 wire serial interface
                    developed by Philips.  A number of 8051 variants as
                    well as several peripherals include I2C support.
       Maintainer:  Vincent Himpe
                    Email: Vincent.Himpe@ping.be
        Subject:  Robotics
       Newsgroups:  comp.robotics
       Maintainer:  Kevin Dowling
                    (412)268-8830
                    Email: nivek@ri.cmu.edu
                    Smail: Carnegie Mellon University
                           The Robotics Institute
                           Pittsburgh, PA 15213
        Subject:  Electronics
       Newsgroups:  sci.electronics
       Comments:  There are a number of FAQs available in this newsgroup
                  on various subjects.  Among some of the subjects covered
                  are:  LCDs, stepper motors, etc.
        FAQ subject:  Real-time
       Newsgroups:  comp.realtime, comp.answers, news.answers
       Archive:  rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/comp.realtime
       Maintainer:  Mark Linimon
                        Lonesome Dove Computing Services
                        Roanoke, Virginia
                    Email: linimon@nominil.lonesome.com.
        Subject:  Motorola 68K microprocessor line
       Newsgroups:  comp.sys.m68k
       Comments:  without a doubt, one of the finest FAQs ever written
                  (well, of course Bob paid me to say this ;-)
       Archive:  bode.ee.ualberta.ca : pub/motorola/general
                 ftp.luth.se : /pub/misc/motorola/faq
                 file name of archive is m68kfaq?.zip (? is version)
       Maintainer:  Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
                    Email: rboys@best.com
       For more detailed information on various 8051 microcontroller parts,
     see the article posted to comp.robotics and sci.electronics which
     provides a tabular cross reference of features and pin counts on a
     wide range of microcontrollers (including the 8051 family).  This
     list was compiled and is being maintained by Roger Nelson
     .
      For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,
     refer to the Microcontroller primer and FAQ listed above.
  back to top

2)  ABOUT THE 8051
   2.1)  The 8051 microcontroller
      The 8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in
     1980.  It is the world's most popular microcontroller core, made by
     many independent manufacturers (truly multi-sourced).  There were 126
     million 8051s (and variants) shipped in 1993!!
      A typical 8051 contains:
        - CPU with boolean processor
        - 5 or 6 interrupts: 2 are external
                             2 priority levels
        - 2 or 3 16-bit timer/counters
        - programmable full-duplex serial port
          (baud rate provided by one of the timers)
        - 32 I/O lines (four 8-bit ports)
        - RAM
        - ROM/EPROM in some models
      The 8051 architecture is a tad bizarre, but then so are the
     architectures of most microcontrollers due to their specialization
     (check out the PIC for creativity).  One vexing problem with the 8051 is its very
     non-orthogonal instruction set - especially the restrictions on
     accessing the different address spaces.  However, after some time
     programming the chip, you can get used to it - maybe even appreciate
     it.
      One strong point of the 8051 is the way it handles interrupts.
     Vectoring to fixed 8-byte areas is convenient and efficient.  Most
     interrupt routines are very short (or at least they should be), and
     generally can fit into the 8-byte area.  Of course if your interrupt
     routine is longer, you can still jump to the appropriate routine from
     within the 8 byte interrupt region.
      The 8051 instruction set is optimized for the one-bit operations so
     often desired in real-world, real-time control applications.  The
     boolean processor provides direct support for bit manipulation.  This
     leads to more efficient programs that need to deal with binary input
     and output conditions inherent in digital-control problems.  Bit
     addressing can be used for test pin monitoring or program control
     flags.
   2.2)  8051 Flavors
      The 8051 has the widest range of variants of any embedded controller
     on the market.  The smallest device is the Atmel 89c1051, a 20 Pin
     FLASH variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA.  The fastest parts are from
     Dallas, with performance close to 10 MIPS!  The most powerful chip is
     the Infineon Technologies 80C517A, with 32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84
     package, 8 x 16 Bit PWMs, and other features.
      Among the MAJOR manufacturers are:
         AMD      Enhanced 8051 parts (no longer producing 80x51 parts)
         Atmel    FLASH and semi-custom parts
         Cygnal   Fastest 8051 with Flash with 12-bit 1LSB A/D. 20MHz internal clock
         Dallas   Fast variant. Also battery backed
         Intel    8051 through 80C51GB / 80C51Sl. They invented the 8051
         ISSI     IS80C51/31 runs up to 40MHz
         Matra    80C154, low voltage static variants
         OKI      80C154, mask parts
         Philips  87C748 thru 89c588, mostly old legacy 8051 parts from Signetics.
         Infineon 80C501 through 80C517A, and a wide variety of CAN devices.
         SMC      COM20051 with ARCNET token bus network engine
         SSI      80x52, 2 x HDLC variant for MODEM use
      Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
         AMD was one of the first manufacturers of enhanced variants including such features as:
        dual data pointers, slave interface with arbitration unit, dual port RAM, FIFO buffers,
        and others. They are now out of the 8051 business.
       Atmel
        The smallest current device is the ATMEL 89c1051, a 20 Pin FLASH
        variant with 2 timers, UART, 20mA.  ATMEL was the first with
        standard pinout FLASH, and with more program cycles than other
        custom pinout FLASH.  These parts compete with OTP and MASK
        product on price, but eliminate inventory problems and the hidden
        costs of OTP development.  This will put real pressure on
        "vanilla" micros like PIC and ST6.
      Cygnal Integrated Products                                             [added 30-Aug-2000]
        Manufactures a pipelined 8051. Cygnal has a lot going for it, such as
        a 20MHz internal clock speed, 32Kbytes of flash, lots of timers,
        and a 12-bit A/D with 1-LSB of accuracy. Cygnal appears to be competing
        with Scenix. While the Scenix is a 100MHz RISC chip, the Cygnal 8051, operating
        at 20MHz internall can get just as much done because, well, it's a CISC - what takes
        3-6 intructions with a RISC you can do in 1-2 instructions in an 8051 CISC. 70% of
        the instructions in Cygnal's 8051 take 1-2 clock cycles.
       Dallas Microcontrollers - DS5000(T), DS5001(T), DS2250(T)
        The Dallas Soft Microcontrollers have standard 8051 cores with
        on-chip non-volatile RAM instead of ROM.  This gives the user the
        ability to easily alter the system and is perfect for data
        logging.  These processors are available in both chip and module
        solutions.  Among the features included in this family of
        products:
           - on-chip non-volatile RAM
           - loader in ROM for downloading programs (eliminates the hassle
             of EPROM erase/program/install cycle)
           - built in real time clock option
           - watchdog timer
           - software security (program and data encryption)
          The DS500x is a standard 40 pin DIP package (well, mostly
        standard, it is really a BOX which is about double the height of a
        normal chip).  The DS225x is a SIP version which is functionally
        identical to the DS5000 but usually a bit less expensive.
         The nice thing about having the RAM on-chip, is that the I/O ports
        are unaffected.  When the RAM is configured as CODE memory, the
        DS5000 behaves exactly as a single-chip 8051.  The NV-RAM is
        static with a built-in lithium battery, and has no limitations on
        the number of writes.  You can download your code as many times as
        you like without damaging the device.  The DS5000 also includes a
        loader in ROM, which permits you to bootstrap code into the RAM to
        get underway.  The loader and on-chip RAM have an encryption
        feature with which you can protect your code from being read back
        from the device if you wish.
       Dallas High-Speed Micros - DS80c320, DS87c520, DS87c530
        Real barn-burners - performance up to 8.25 MIPS!  Dallas was the first to speed up the core.
        Wasted clock and memory cycles have been removed using a redesigned processor core.  As a
        result, every 8051 instruction is executed up to 3 times faster than the original for the same
        crystal speed.  External clock speeds from DC to 33MHz!
         High performance doesn't just mean speed.  High integration gives the user 2 full-duplex
        hardware serial ports, 13 total interrupt sources (6 external), watchdog timer, power
        management, power-fail reset, and other features.
         Dallas also has the 80C390, with two CAN 2.0B channels and a math coprocessor.
       Intel MCS-51
        Introduced in 1980, it has become the industry standard for embedded control.  Intel offers
        a wide variety of 8051 versions with different configurations of on-board EPROM/ROM.  Also
        low power, high integration, and specialized parts are also offered.
       Philips
        Among the Philips derivatives:  40MHz, 24 pin skinny DIP, low voltage, quad flat pack (QFP)
        versions for saving board space, OTP, I2C bus, and so on. The c7xx series are very low-end,
        inexpensive micros.  They are offered with less memory (1k, 2k, etc.) and fewer features.
       Infineon C500 Family
        The C500 is one of the most feature rich 8051 families available. The C517A has a high clock speed
        (40 MHz!), and high integration with 32 Bit ALU, 2 UARTS, 2K RAM, PLCC84 package, 8x16 bit PWMs,
        and more. The C515A features a 10-bit A/D, 4 capture/compare units, and a host of other features.
         The C505C, C505CA & the C515C also have CAN 2.0B interfaces. There is also the C541U,
        an 8051 core with an integrated USB interface as well as an MMU.
       Standard Microsystems Corporation SMC COM20051
        The COM20051 is an integrated microcontroller and network
        interface which features:
          -  high performance and low cost
          -  based on popular 8051 architecture
          -  drop-in replacement for 80C32 PLCC
          -  retains all 8051 peripherals including Serial I/O and 2 Timers
          -  utilizes ARCNET(R) Token Bus Network Engine
          -  5 Mbps to 156 Kbps data rate
      Silicon Storage Technologies
     SST makes the FlashFlex51, an 8051 with very robust Flash memory.
         - Up to 64Kbytes of Flash EEPROM
       Silicon Systems Inc. SSI73M2910/2910A
        The SSI73M2910 is a high performance microcontroller designed for
        modem and communications applications.
          - 8052 Compatible Instruction set.
          - 34 MHz Operation @ 4.5 - 5.5V
          - 44 MHz Operation @ 4.75 - 5.5.V (2910A)
          - 22 MHz Operation @ 3.3 - 5.5.V
          - HDLC Support Logic (Packetizer, 16 and 32 CRC, zero ID)
          - 24 pins for user programmable I/O ports
          - 8 pins programmable chip select logic or I/O for memory mapped
            peripherals eliminating glue logic
          - 3 external interrupt sources (programmable polarity)
          - 16 dedicated latched address pins
          - Multiplexed latched/address bus
          - Instruction cycle time identical to 8052
          - Buffered oscillator (or OSC/2) output pin
           - 1.8432 MHz UART clock available
          - Bank select circuitry to support up to 128K of external
            program memory
          - 100-Lead TQFP package available for PCMCIA applications
          - Also available in 100-Lead QFP package
   2.3)  16-bit 8051 parts
      A joint project between Intel and Philips Semiconductors resulted in two new excting
     products - 16 bit 8051s!  Due to a disagreement between the parties, they each went their
     separate ways.  Intel developed the 80251, also called the MCS-251, which was originally called
     the ZX (this name can still be found on one of the Intel slide shows).  Philips came out with
     the eXtended Architecture (XA) line.
      The Intel 80251 is a drop-in replacement for the 8051 (at least, after programming the mode
     control bits first), and is also binary compatible.  The XA is more of a 16 bit micro which
     also happens to be source code compatible.  One can argue the merits of which approach is better.
      Pin compatible parts allow instant performance upgrades for existing designs, and the binary
     compatibility truly preserves a user's investment in code and tools.  By staying firmly in the
     80x51 camp, Intel allows users transparent access to an enormous horsepower range.  To further
     improve throughput in numerically intensive areas, users can use INTEGER, LONGINT, and FLOAT
     libraries written for the 80251.
     
     The Philips XA is NOT a drop-in replacement for the 8051.
      Binary code compatibility is nice, you can move right up to a more powerful engine without
     having to bust a gut (We all know the Intel binary compatible success story with their
     x86 microprocessors). But if you're working on a new design, how necessary is binary
     compatibility?  If you're just looking for a souped up '51, Dallas already has the 320.  If you
     need the advanced features, or if you need to perform 16-bit math, you'll need to recompile or
      rewrite your software anyhow.  You'll also have to drag along some compatibility baggage with
     you in order to use the 16 bit operations - these are preceded by an escape code (A5H), the
     only instruction not used in the 8051 instruction set.
       With source code compatibility, you have to recompile your code (with a new set of development
     tools), since the instruction set has been recrafted to allow the biggest bang for the buck.
      If you're upgrading an existing design, the 251 is probably your only reasonable and best choice,
     as it has much better development tools than the XA (although you might also want to consider
     the Dallas 320 if you just need to run the same code faster).  On new designs, you'll have a
     tough decision to make. Whichever path you choose to take, the 8051 will never be the same
     again.
      Intel 80251 (MCS-251)
        The Intel MCS-251 is 100% binary and pin compatible with the 8051, but with a 5-15 times
        boost in horsepower.  This is achieved by a six fold gain in bus cycles, and further
        hardware improvements to avoid wasted bus cycles.
         Further performance gains are possible by recoding critical sections to take advantage of
        the new features:
        - powerful 8/16/32 bit instructions,
        - flexible 8/16/32 registers,
        - 16MB linear address space,
        - 16-bit stack pointer,
        - enhanced BIT manipulations, and
        - improved control instructions.
        In addition to extra 16/32 bit instructions, the 251 includes 40 registers with Accumulator
        and Index functions overlayed as 16x8, 16x16, 10x32.
      Philips 8051XA
        By tossing compatibility out the window, Philips was able to develop a 16 microcontroller
        while at the same time preserving the basic 8051 instruction set (source).  The benefits
        of this break with tradition result in a chip that has:
        - dual 16MB address spaces (data and code),
        - multitasking support with task protected memory segments,
        - a separate SFR bus,
        - fast context switching,
        - hardware divide and multiply,
        - 32 vectored interrupts, and
        - 16 hardware exceptions
        The disadvantage is that if you have some legacy object code with no source, you have to
        rewrite all the code because you have no binary compatibility. Also, you have to rewrite
        all your code libraries.
   2.4)  8051 representatives and approximate prices (in USD $ 1997)
     There are many, many varieties of 8051 out there.  This is only a
     small sampling of typical prices on Intel chips.
          8031 (128 bytes RAM)...................................3.59
         80C31 (CMOS version of previous).......................6.95
         8051AH (256 bytes RAM).................................6.95
         8051AHBASIC (w/Basic interpreter built in)............29.95
         8751 (4K EPROM, 128 bytes RAM)........................26.95
         87C51 (CMOS version of previous)......................39.95
   2.5)  Common and New 80x51 variants
       Triscend maes an interesting product - an 8051
     
     Thanks to Jim Granville of Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd. for
     the following nice summary.
      Key:
         PCA programmable counter array
         LV  low voltage
         PWM pulse width modulation
         CC  capture/compare
         UPI Universal Peripheral Interface (Philips)
      Variant  Pins  Mfg     RAM  CODE XRAM  Notes (LV - low voltage)
     ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     MCS251    40   Intel    1K   16K    0   16 Bit 80X51FX
     80C509L  100QF Infineon 256  64Kx  3K   ALU,PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
     80C517A   84   Infineon 256  64Kx  2K   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
     80C537A   84   Infineon 256  32K   2K   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,10bA/D
     80537     84   Infineon 256  64Kx   0   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
     80517     84   Infineon 256   8K    0   ALU,8PWM,CC,2UART,8bA/D
     80C320    40   Dallas  256  64Kx    0   FAST, 2 DPTR 2 UART VRST - fastest 8051
     80C310    40   Dallas  256  64Kx    0   Simpler 80C320 e62.5Mhz - fastest 8051
     87C520    40   Dallas  256  16K    1K   16K OTP enhanced 80C320 - fastest 8051
     DS5000    40   Dallas  128  32KR 32K   80x51 Secure+NVsupport,BootLdr - fastest 8051
     DS2250   40sim Dallas  128  32K  32K   5000, in SIMM package - fastest 8051
     DS5001   80qfp Dallas  128  64Kx 64K   Enhanced DS5000, RPC BatSw
     73D2910 100QFP SSI      256 128Kx   0   80C52+Ports+HDLC
     80C535A   68   Infineon 256  64Kx  1K   515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
     80CE558  80QFP Philips  256  64Kx 768   Enhanced 80C552, Sep i2c, RSO
     80C515A   68   Infineon 256  32K   1K   515+10bA/D,1K XRAM,BRG,OWD
     80535     68   Infineon 256  64Kx   0   Timer2CaptComp 6ports 8/10bA/D
     80515     68   Infineon 256   8K    0   Timer2 CaptComp 4 ports 8b A/D
     80C535    68   Infineon 256  64Kx   0   Timer2 CaptComp 5 ports 8b A/D
     80C51GB   68   Intel   256   64Kx   0   8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
     87C51GB   68   Intel   256    8K    0   8051FA+PCA, 8b A/D, SPI
     87C598    80   Philips 256   32K  256   552-i2c+CAN+XRAM
     80C552    68   Philips 256   64Kx   0   10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
     87C552    68   Philips 256    8K    0   10b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
     80C562    68   Philips 256   64Kx   0   8b A/D, i2c, CaptComp, PWM
     SABC505C  44   Infineon 256  64Kx 256   8bA/D,XRAM,OWD,CAN V2B, Xt2
     SABC504   44   Infineon 256  64Kx 256   10bA/D,XRAM,OWD,DC Motor PWM
     80C51FX   40   Intel   256  64Kx    0   80C58i+PCA,AsRST
     87C51FA   40   Intel   256   8K     0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
     87C51FB   40   Intel   256  16K     0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
     87C51FC   40   Intel   256  32K     0   8052+PCA,Enh Serial Automotive
     8XC51FB   40   Philips 256  16K     0   87C51FB with ALE RFI mode
     87C51FXL  40   Intel   256  32K     0   3.3v 80C51FC
     80C152JD  68   Intel   256  64Kx    0   HDLC/SDLC Serial
     80C152    48   Intel   256  64Kx    0   HDLC Serial
      8044      40   Intel   192  64Kx    0   RUPI Serial
     80C575    40   Philips 256  64Kx    0   8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
     87C575    40   Philips 256   8K     0   8052+PCA,AnalogComp,WDOG,RSTLo
     80C576    40   Philips 256   8K     0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
     87C576    40   Philips 256   8K     0 8052+PCA,UPI,A/D,PWM,WDOG,VRSTLo
     SABC501   40   Infineon 256  64Kx   0   40MHz Enhanced 8052 U/D
     SABC502   40   Infineon 256  64Kx 256   8052+XRAM+8DP+WD+BRG+OWD
     80C528    40   Philips 256  64Kx 256   8052+Wdog, XRAM
     87C528    40   Philips 256  32K  256   8052+Wdog, XRAM
     89CE528   44   Philips 256  32KF 256   Flash 528
     87C524    40   Philips 256  16K  256   16K 87C528
     80C550    40   Philips 128   4K    0   8b A/D WDog
     80CL781   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
     83CL781   40   Philips 256  16K    0   LV 8052, More INTs, WDOG
     80CL782   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV, faster 781
     89S8252  40.44 Atmel   256 10KFE   0   FLASH, 8K+2KEE, WDOG, SPI
     89C55    40.44 Atmel   256 20KF    0   FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52+20K
     89C52    40.44 Atmel   256  8KF    0   FLASH, Fast,LV 87C52
     87C54     40   Intel   256  16K    0   16K 87C52i
     87C58     40   Intel   256  32K    0   32K 87C52i
     87C52     40   Intel   256   8K    0   8052+U/D+OscO+4Li
     80C154    40   Matra   256  64Kx   0   Enhanced 8052 (also OKI)
     83C154D   40   Matra   256  32K    0   Enhanced 8052
     83C154    40   OKI     256  16K    0   Enhanced 8052
     80C654    40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   i2c
     87C652    40   Philips 256   8K    0   i2c
     87C654    40   Philips 256  16K    0   i2c
     83CE654  44qfp Philips 256  16K    0   i2c, low RFI 654
     80C851    40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   8051+256B EEPROM
     83C852     6   Philips 256   6K    0   ALU,2K EEPROM SmartCard,Die
     8052      40   All     256  64Kx   0   8051+Timer2
     8752      40   Intel   256   8K    0   8051+Timer2
     80C52     40   Infineon 256  64Kx   0   8051+Timer2,Philips,Oki,Matra
     88SC54C   8    Atmel   256  64Kx 512   8052+PublicKey,prelim
     80CL410   40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   LV, More INTs i2c-UART
     80CL31    40   Philips 128  64Kx   0   LV, More Ints 80x51
     80CL610   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   LV, More INTs i2c-UART
     83CL411   40   Philips 256  64Kx   0   80CL31 with 256 RAM, No T2
     89C51    40.44 Atmel   128   4KF   0   FLASH,Fast,LV 87C51
     8751      40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
     87C51     40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
     8031      40   All     128  64Kx   0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
     8051      40   All     128   4K    0   Core processor,UART,Tmr0,Tmr1
     80C31L    40   Matra   128  64Kx   0   LV 80x51
      87C752    28   Philips  64   2KE   0   87751+ A/D, PWM
     87C749    28   Philips  64   2KE   0   87C752 - i2c
     87C751    24   Philips  64   2KE   0   Small size, bit i2c
     87C748    24   Philips  64   2KE   0   87C751 - i2c
     87C750    24   Philips  64   1KE   0   Small size
     89C2051   20   Atmel   128   2KF   0   20Pin 89C51,+AnaComp+LED
     89C1051   20   Atmel    64   1KF   0   20Pin 2051 -uart,timer1
     TE502  128/208 Triscend       8K        256 Configurable System Logic (CSL) cells
     TE505  128/208 Triscend      16K        512 CSL cells
     TE512  128/208 Triscend      16K        1152 CSL cells
     TE520  208/436 Triscend      40K        2048 CSL cells
  2.6)  Advantages realized in implementing control applications on this family of microcontrollers
      Wildly popular - readily available and widely supported, a full range of free and commercial
     support products is available
      Fast and effective - the architecture correlates closely with the problem being solved
     (control systems), specialized instructions mean that fewer bytes of code need to be fetched
     and fewer conditional jumps are processed
      Low cost - high level of system integration within one component, only a handful of components
     needed to create a working system
      Wide range -  ONE set of tools covers the greatest horsepower range of any microcontroller
     family, other suppliers handle a number of DIFFERENT and INCOMPATIBLE (and often single-sourced)
     cores to cover the same power range as the 80x51, the 8051 provides a real cost savings in tools,
     training, and software support
      Compatibility - opcodes and binaries are the SAME for all 80x51 variants (unlike most other
     microcontroller families)
      Multi-sourced - over 12 manufacturers, hundreds of varieties, something for everyone with the
     security of ready availability
      Constant improvements - improvements in silicon/design increase speed and power annually,
     16 bit models coming from several manufacturers, low cost skinny DIP models and PQFP
     models now available.
   2.7)  Getting started
     If you are interested in getting started with the 8051, you will need
     to concern yourself with getting the appropriate hardware and
     software to develop your system.
      A good start would be to pick up a couple of books on the subject.
     Two really great books for beginners are "The Microcontroller Idea
     Book" by Jan Axelson (Lakeview Research) and "Programming and
     Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh
     Ahluwalia (Addison Wesley).  Both books contain complete plans for
     microcontroller boards/systems if you plan on rolling your own.  The
     Yeralan/Ahluwalia books also contains a diskette with just about all
     of the software that you'll need to get started progamming for the
     8051 (assembler, simulator, etc).  These books also have many circuit
     and code examples and are very useful for the beginner.
      Which software you choose is mostly a matter of personal preference,
     how much time you have to invest, how much money you have to invest,
     and what you want to accomplish.  Serious work can be accomplished
     using much of the free software listed in this FAQ, however in most
     cases technical support is unavailable.  Registering shareware, or
     buying a mainstream commercial package gives you backup and support
     and helps you get going much faster.
      A wide range of development options exists for all budgets and
     purposes.  One convenient way to start is the Ceibo/Philips DS-750
     development system, based on the 80c75x (a scaled down 8051 variant).
     The "emulator" board programs the chips (so you won't need an EPROM
     programmer and the debugger has a user interface much like Borland's
     Turbo Debugger. Phyton also sells a very inexpensive compact emulator that comes
     with a compiler. The emulator itself is very powerful and intuitive to use.
      One other possibility is the 8052AH-BASIC chip.  With a Basic
     interpreter built in, you have an interactive development system when
     attached to your PC.  Jan Axelson's book gives complete coverage on
     this chip, including plans to build your own system, programming in
     Basic, and interfacing to various peripherals and devices.
      What might be the easiest way to get started, is by buying a complete
     development package. The AES-51 from American Educational Systems is
     a good example. This package comes complete with everything you need
     to get started and do real work. The microcontroller board has just
     about every peripheral you'll ever need built right in (LCD, keypad,
     A/D, D/A, I/O, etc) and comes with a built-in monitor and BASIC. Also
     included is a shelf full of tutorial and reference books and a
     diskette with the required support software for your PC. For less
     than $300, you get a complete and professionally designed and
     packaged educational tool. AES also has two other boards (based on
     the 68hc11 and 8088) which have the same basic appearance and
     functionality.
     
     MDL Labs offers the following BASIC language packages for the 8051:
     1. BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52 & for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D. BASIKIT
     includes a full-screen editor and permits writing programs with labels rather than line numbers.
     2. MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Phillips PCB83C552,
     respectively. All bugs removed.
     3. MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses all the features of the chip, including both serial ports,
     the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The BASIC will address up to 512K of memory and will collect data into that
     memory via serial port interrupts. It runs faster at 25 MHz than compiled code on the 8052.
     MDL Labs
     1073 Limberlost Court
     Columbus, OH 43235
     Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
     Email: arl@infinet.com
  2.8)  Technical Questions and Answers
      Q:  Why are ports P0 and P2 unavailable for I/O when using external
         memory?
     A:  The output drivers of ports 0 and 2, and the input buffers of
         port 0, are used to access external memory.  Port 0 outputs the
         low byte of the external memory address, time-multiplexed with
         the byte being read/written.  Port 2 outputs the high byte of the
         external memory address when the address is 16 bits wide.
         Otherwise, the port 2 pins continue to emit the P2 SFR contents.
         Therefore, when external memory is being used, ports 0 and 2 are
         unavailable for their primary use as general I/O lines.
       Q:  Is there anything I can do to use these ports for I/O when using
         external memory?
     A1: Not really.
     A2: If you really want to make your life miserable, you can try to
         use P2 for output when it isn't being used for memory access.
         The contents of the SFR latch for port 2 are not modified during
         the execution of a Data Memory fetch cycle on the Expanded Bus.
         If an instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded Bus is not
         followed by another instruction requiring a cycle on the Expanded
         Bus, then the original contents of the port 2 SFR latch will
         appear during the next machine cycle.  That is, when PSEN, RD and
         WR are all inactive, you can use port 2 for output (check the
         timing charts in the data book).  The chip will emit the contents
         of the P2 SFR at that time.  Do you REALLY want to bother with
         this though?
     A3: By including the external RAM "on-chip", the Dallas DS5000 makes
         these ports available for I/O.  The SLIC E2 from Xicor does the
         same thing for other 8051 parts.
     A4: If you really need the extra I/O ports, there are number of 8051
         variants that have additional ports.  Philips and Infineon are two
         such manufacturers that have these parts in their product lines.
       Q:  I'm outputting a 1 to a pin on port 0, but I'm not getting a 1
         out.  If I use a pin on port 1 instead, it works fine.  What am I
         doing wrong?
     A:  Port 0 has open drain outputs.  Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal
         pullups.  What does this mean?  See the next question and answer.
       Q:  Port 0 has open drain outputs.  Ports 1, 2, and 3 have internal
         pullups. What does this mean, and why should I care?
     A:  When used as outputs, all port pins will drive the state to which
         the associated SFR latch bit has been set.  Except for port 0,
         which will only drive low (not high).  When a 0 is written to a
         bit in port 0, the pin is pulled low (0).  But, when a 1 is
         written to a bit in port 0, the pin goes into a high impedance
         state - or in other words, "disconnected", no value.  To be able
         to get a 1 as output, you need an external pull up resistor to
         pull up the port (to +5V, or 1) when the port is in its high impedence
         state.  Typical values for pullups might be 470 ohm to drive a
         LED, and 4.7K or higher to drive logic circuits.
     C:  Any port pin may be used as a general purpose input simply by
         writing a 1 into the associated SFR latch bit.  Since ports 1, 2,
         and 3 have internal pull-up devices they will pull high and will
         source current when pulled low.  When a port 0 bit is programmed
         for input (set to 1) it will go to a high impedance state.
       Q:  Why is such an oddball crystal frequency of 11.0592 MHz used so
         often for 8051 designs.
     A1: 11.0592 MHz crystals are often used because it can be divided to
         give you exact clock rates for most of the common baud rates for
         the UART, especially for the higher speeds (9600, 19200).
         Despite the "oddball" value, these crystals are readily available
         and commonly used.
     A2: When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates
         in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and
         the value of SMOD (PCON.7 - double speed baud rates) as follows:
                              smod
                            2
            Baud rate =   ------   x (Timer 1 overflow rate)
                            32
          Most typically, the timer is configured in the auto-reload mode
         (mode 2, high nibble of TMOD = 0100B).  In this case, the baud
         rate is given as:
                               smod
                            2        Oscillator frequency
            Baud rate =   -------  x --------------------
                            32         12 x (256 - TH1)
          Some typical baud rates for an 11.0592 crystal:
             Baud rate  SMOD   TH1
            ---------------------
              19200      1   0FDH
               9600      0   0FDH
               4800      0   0FAH
               2400      0   0F4H
               1200      0   0E8H
                300      0   0A0H
          Another way to look at it, would be to rework the formula to give
         us the crystal frequency that we need for the desired baud rate:
                                                          smod
         Minimum crystal frequency =  Baud rate x 384 / 2
          This gives us the minimum crystal frequency possible for the
         desired baud rate.  The frequency can be evenly multiplied to
         obtain higher clock speeds.
          As an example, the minimum crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:
               3.6864 = 19200 x 384 / 2 (smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)
                11.0592 = 3.6864 x 3
           To determine the timer reload value needed, the formula can be
         changed to factor in the multiplier:
                                                              smod
         Crystal frequency = Baud rate x (256 - TH1) x 384 / 2
           From the example above, the multiplier (3) is used to determine
         TH1:
               TH1 = 256 - 3 = 253 = 0FDH
          The crystal frequency for 19.2K baud is:
               11.0592 = 19200 x (256 - 0FDH) x 384 / 2
                       (smod is 1 for 19.2K baud)
           Other values can also give good results, but 11.0592 is one of
         the higher speed crystals that allows high baud rates.
      A:  Well, you wanta talk about oddball values?  Another good crystal
         value is 7.3728 MHz and its multiples. Using counter1 this gives
         an even 38.4 kbps rate exactly, which is not possible with
         11.0952 MHz Xtal. 
       Q:  How do I decrement the data pointer (DPTR)?  Where did the DEC
         DPTR instruction go?
     A1: You can't decrement DPTR.  Although there is an INC DPTR
         instruction, there is no DEC DPTR.  In fact, there is no other
         way to change the contents of DPTR except for MOV and INC.
     A2: You can use the accumulator as an offset if you need to perform
         "calculations" on the DPTR.  As an example:
               MOV   DPTR,#9000         ; load base address into DPTR
               MOV   A,#10              ; load desired offset
               MOVC  A,@A+DPTR          ; retrieve desired data
     A3: Another method would be to use indirect addressing.  Instructions
         such as MOVX A,@Ri can address a 256 byte "page" of external RAM.
         The value represented by @Ri (@R0 or @R1) is emitted to Port 0,
         which is the low byte of the external RAM address bus.  In
         addition, the contents of the P2 register is emitted to Port 2,
         which is the high byte of the external memory address bus.  The
         indirect addressing register together with the P2 register, which
         specifies the "current page number", gives us a 16 bit pointer
         into the external memory address space.
          This technique can make moving data in external memory much
         faster than reloading DPTR every time.  The indirect addressing
         register can be manipulated much easier than DPTR which can only
         be loaded and incremented.  Just remember to make sure that P2
         contains the proper value for the high byte of the address.
     A4: Inside the BASIC interpreter source code, and published in its
         manual, is a short and efficient subroutine to decrement data
         pointer, only 6 statements:
             XCH A,DPL ; JNZ $+4 ; DEC DPH ; DEC A ; XCH A,DPL ; RET
         Only DPTR is affected, not A or any flags!
         
        Q:  I'm trying to PUSH and POP the accumulator, but my assembler
         complains about the instruction  PUSH  A.  What's wrong with
         this?
     A:  In instructions that are accumulator specific, A is used to
         represent the accumulator.  However, PUSH and POP have no
         accumulator specific forms, only direct addressing forms.
         Therefore, you need to specify the correct accumulator "address"
         - ACC.  Use the instruction PUSH ACC.
       Q:  The 8052 AH-BASIC interpreter seems to work OK when I perform
         simple interpreted commands.  For example:
              READY
              > PRINT "HELLO"
              HELLO
         However, when I try to enter a [numbered] statement, I get an
         error:
              READY
              > 10 PRINT "HELLO"
              INVALID LINE NUMBER..!!
         I get the same error when I try LIST.  No matter what value I set
         a variable to, it returns a 0.  What's my problem?
     A1: Faulty memory decoding or addressing is the most common cause for
         this error message.  This happens when RD/WR is affecting two (or
         more) active memory chips. So, decode each CS very carefully!
     A2: Your address decoding might also indicate that there is more
          memory than really exists.  Go over your circuit design and
         inspect your wiring carefully.
       Q:  Can I use C for time critical code?
     A:  The code produced by many of the excellent compilers today, is
         remarkably efficient - for both speed and size.  Modern compilers
         are quite adept at keeping track of register and variable usage.
         Further optimization techiniques result in code that can be as
         good or better than hand written assembler.  Even for ISRs
         (interrupt service routines), C should be acceptable for all but
         the most time critical routines.
          However, don't think for a second that you can write haphazard C code and
         that the compiler will magically forgive your mess and make it efficient. In
         order to write efficient code for any microcontroller it is best to know the
         processor's programming model so you can make correct programming decisions.
       Q:  The Intel MCS-51 assembly language defines alternate symbols AR0
         ... AR7 for registers R0 ... R7.  What is this good for? (Thanks
         to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)
     A:  Some 8051 instructions do not support all possible addressing
         modes.  For example, the PUSH and POP instructions are only
         available with direct addressing. Since the registers R0 ... R7
         are mapped into the internal memory, they must also have a DATA
         (= direct) address.  The special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7
         are simply the absolute DATA addresses of registers R0 ... R7.
         Although there is no instruction PUSH R5 with true register
         addressing, you can do it with PUSH AR5 (= direct addressing)!
      Q:  Usually the 8051 register banks are switched with the RS0 and RS1
         bits in the status register PSW at runtime.  But how is it
         possible to switch the banks at assembly time with the USING
         instruction, implemented in so many 8051 assemblers?
         (Thanks to Wolfgang Heinz who submitted this Q & A)
     A:  Not at all!  This must ALWAYS be done with bits RS0 and RS1 at
         runtime.  The USING instruction switches only the absolute DATA
         addresses of the special assembler symbols AR0 ... AR7 according
         to the selected bank number.  With most assemblers that implement
         relocatable segments and object modules, the linker is forced to
         reserve space for the corresponding register bank in the internal
         memory.
       Q:  The Intel 8x151/8x251 won't "drop-in" for an 8051. What gives?
         (Thanks to Dave Baldwin of The Computer Journal for this one)
     A:  You need to use a programmer to set a couple bits to the correct
         state.  This info is hidden away in an app note available from
         their web site.
   back to top
  3)  SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON THE 8051
   3.1)  FTP sites
      The following is a list of the various anonymous ftp sites that have
     8051 source code and programming languages.  There are many others
     that  are not listed here that contains bits and pieces.  Usually you
     can find them using Archie and searching for "8051", "AS31", "ASM51",
     "MCS-51", "MCS51", and stuff like that.
      Please notify me at faqs@microcontroller.com if any of these FTP sites are no longer operational.
      ftp.pppl.gov (formerly lyman.pppl.gov)
         - this is a great source of 8051 stuff
         /pub/8051
         /pub/incoming - check this out for new untested/unsorted items
      ftp.funet.fi (nic.funet.fi)
         - this is a great one, too
         /pub/compilers/8051
         /pub/microprocs/MCS-51   
         other subdirectories in /pub/microprocs include:
           1802, 6805, 6811, 8048, 8096 and many other microprocessors
      ftp.intel.com
         - send comments to:  ftp-admin@intel.com
         /pub/mcs51
         /pub/mcs51/tools - contains various development tools
      nctuccca.edu.tw
         - mirror of ftp.intel.com
         - /vendors/Intel
      ftp.mcc.ac.uk
      ftp.bsl.unsw.edu.au
         - accepting uploads
      info@circellar.com - Email (not ftp)
         - send Email to get information file on services available
         - all Circuit Cellar INK and BYTE related files available
      ftp.ee.ualberta.ca
         /pub/cookbook/digital
         - circuits of all types
         - prog51.zip is a programmer for the ATMEL 89C51 flash part
           by Werner Terreblanche
      ftp.luth.se
         /pub/languages/assembler
      asterix.inescn.pt - FORTH archive
         /pub/forth/8051
      hpcsos.col.hp.com
         /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051 (mirror of asterix Forth archive)
         /misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051
         /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth
      ftp.armory.com (Steve Walz)
         /pub/user/rstevew/8051
         /pub/user/rstevew/TB8051
         /pub/user/rstevew/incoming
      ftp.oak.oakland.edu
         - has information and software for a wide range of
           microprocessors and microcontrollers, you may have to look
           around a bit
      130.123.96.9
         giovanni/51forth.zip
      ftp.hte.com
         - HiTech Equipment Corporation's ftp site
         - information about their products including some sample code,
           a free 8051 simulator, and various things from around the net
           that relate to the 8051 family
      csd4.csd.uwm.edu - no longer supports 8051, don't even try
   3.2)  Web pages [updated 16-July-2000]
      Microcontroller.com (home of this FAQ)
        - http://Microcontroller.com
        - News, development tools info, supplier listings
      8052.com - Vault Information Services
        - http://www.8052.com
        - Tutorials and message board on 805x devices
      AM Research Web Site
         - http://www.amresearch.com/
         - Forth development systems and boards.
      Archimedes Software
         - http://www.archimedes.com/
      EG3.com 8051 resources
         - http://www.eg3.com/aglimpse.cgi/01?and_query1=8051&case=on&engine=EG3
      Chip Directories
         - http://www.hitex.com/chipdir           (USA, California)
         - http://www.leg.ufrj.br/chipdir         (Brasil)
      Chipmaker web page
         - http://Microcontroller.com/embedded/semiconductors.htm
         - contains URLs of major chipmakers
      Circuit Cellar Ink
         - http://www.circellar.com
      Dallas Semiconductor
         - http://www.dalsemi.com
      Emulation Technology
         - http://www.emulation.com
         - makes sockets
      FIG (Forth Interest Group) web site
         - http://www.forth.org/fig.html
         - http://www.forth.org/Forth/FAQ
      Forth, Inc.
         - http://www.earthlink.net/~forth
         - follow the links to chipFORTH, then to 8051
      Hi-Tech Software
         - http://www.hitech.com.au
         - demo C compiler available (limits - 1K size, no library source)
      Intel Resources
         - http://www.intel.com/design/
         - http://www.intel.com/design/usb/ (information on USB)
      Keil Software
         - http://www.keil./com
         - One of the most popular commercial 8051 C compiler suites available, supports all 8051 varients
         - demo version available
      Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)
         - http://www.lvr.com/
         - microcontroller page (resources for 8052-Basic projects):
           http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm
      Nohau Corporation  [updated 16-July-2000]
         - http://www.nohau.com/
         - Popular 8051 emulator manufacturer
      Paul's 8051 Tools, Projects and Free Code
         - http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/index.html  [updated 16-July-2000]
         - page contents: AS31 Assembler
                          PAULMON 8051 Family Monitor/Debugger
                          Low-Cost 8051 Development Board Designs
                          8051 Code Library
                          Atmel 89C2051 in-circuit programmer
     Phyton Corporation
         - http://www.phyton.com/  [updated 16-July-2000]
         - Easy-to-use low cost 8051 emulator with trace
      Poptronics Web page (Electronics Now, Popular Electronics)
         - http://www.poptronics.com/
         - current issue information, recent article related files, FTP
           site, subscription information
      The Polis research project web page
     - http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/Respep/Research/hsc/abstract.html
     - HW SW co-design web page
      Richard Grant's 8051 Based Vario
         - http://cougar.stanford.edu:7878/RGvario/vario.html
         - Hang-Gliding/Paragliding WWW server. The application is an
           8751 based variometer (used by pilots to indicate the rate of
           ascent or descent). It includes schematics and assembly
           language source.
      Systronix web site
         - http://www.systronix.com
         - Embedded Java
      Thomas Wedemeyer's SAB80C535 web page
         - http://www.zfn.uni-bremen.de/~g16i/
         - SAB80C535 based board design
         - English und German
      Universal Solution Technology Research
         - http://www.ustr.net/
           An excellent listing of 8051-related stuff, including a
           file library
      USB web page
         - http://www.usb.org/
      Xicor's web page
         - http://www.xicor.com/
         - 8051 microperipherals -
  3.3)  Mailing lists
      (needs to be updated)
   3.4)  BBSs
      (BBS Section Deleted July 2000 due to the web obsoleting them!)
  3.5)  Help available!
      Listed here are individuals who have expressed interest in helping
     others with hardware and software problems for 8051 systems.
      Does any one else out there think that they can help?  Just let me
     know what your areas of specialization are and I'll add your name to
     the list.  Thanks!
      Dick Barnett 
            voice: 765-494-7497
            snail: Richard H. Barnett, PE, Ph.D.
                   Professor of Electrical Engineering Technology
                   Purdue University
                   1415 Knoy Hall of Technology
                   West Lafayette, IN 47907-1415
        Specializes in 8051 (core processors), 80C552, and 87C751
        applications.
      Mark Hopkins 
        Mark is the author of the CAS assembler and of the 8051.ZIP
        programs.  He's now working on JOLT, a code generator with a
        C-like syntax.  His areas of specialization include:
        multitasking, interrupts, basic stuff (like addressing, memory
        spaces), the 8052 BASIC chip, interfacing the chip with external
        inputs and outputs
      Hans Schou 
        Hans is offering his assistance to users of the Standard
        Microsystems Corp. COM20051.  He's not an expert, but he has some
        experience with it.
      Neville Miles 
        Applications and programming the Intel 8051.  He's also using
        Atmel parts if you need help with these.
      Steve 
        Steve has designed hardware and written software for the Atmel
        AT89C1051, Intel 87C52, and Philips 87C751, and has also built a
        programmer for the Atmel AT89C1051. He knows both hardware and
        software.
  back to top
  4)  8051 PRODUCTS
      This section includes descriptions and references to free and
     commercial software for the 8051.  FTP sites and BBSs contain many
     quality packages and code samples for free.  For heavy duty use, you
     might prefer the many commercial packages that are available.  With
     the public domain (or free) stuff, you're usually on your own.  The
     commercial packages usually provide extensive documentation and
     support.
   4.1)  Free languages and development tools
      The following is a list of the languages and development tools that I
     could find on the net.  Nearly all of them include source code,
     however not all are public domain.
      Assembler
        Program: asem5112.zip
       Description: 8051 cross assembler for MS-DOS, freeware
       Author: W.W. Heinz
       Location: ftp.ix.de : /pub/elrad/023
                 oak.oakland.edu : /SimTel/msdos/crossasm
                 garbo.uwasa.fi : /pc/assembler
        Program: ML-ASM51.ZIP
       Description: MetaLink's 8051 family macro assembler
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                  http://www.psyber.com/~tcj/tcjtools/ml-asm51.zip
        Program: A51.ZIP
       Description: PseudoSam 8051 Cross Assembler
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
        Program: AS31.ZIP
       Description:  C source for an 8051 assembler, and a simple monitor
       Author:  Ken Stauffer
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.uu.net
                  oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm/as31.zip
                  many other locations (use Archie to find)
        Program: CUG292WK.ZIP
       Description:  C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
       Author:  Alan R. Baldwin
       Location:  oak.oakland.edu : /pub/msdos/crossasm
                  pc.usl.edu : /pub/msdos/systools
                  many other locations (use Archie to find)
        Program: Frankenstein
       Description:  C source for a cross assembler, includes 8051
       Author:  Mark Zenier
       Location:  ftp.njit.edu : /pub/msdos/frankasm/FRANKASM.ZOO
                  lth.se : /pub/netnews/alt.sources/volume90/dec
                  ftp.uni-kl.de : /pub1/unix/languages/frankenstein.tar.Z
                  many other locations (use Archie to find)
        Program:  CAS 8051 assembler
       Description:  Experimental one-pass assembler for the 8051
                     with C-like syntax.  Includes assembler, linker
                     and disassembler.
       Author:  Mark Hopkins
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/assem
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive/assem
        Program:  a51
       Description:  Portable cross assembler (source in C), other
                     processors available
       Author:  William C. Colley, III
       Location:  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /misc/ns32k/beowulf/a-8051
        Program:  TASM
       Description:  Table driven cross-assembler for DOS, supports
                     many different microcontrollers and microprocessors
       Author:  Speech Technology Inc.
       Location:  various different places
        Program: HASM, HSIM
       Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
       Comment:  Only for private, educational, and evaluation use
                 Only available in German
       Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
       Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
                 ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
                   and mirrors of ftp.ix.de
        Program:  as
       Description:  Portable cross assembler for (8051, TMS, PIC,
                     DSP5600, 68hc11).
       Comments:     Original version in German only. Turbo Pascal source
                     available for free. Unix version comes in source
                     form and is compilable in German or English.
       Author:  Alfred Arnold
       Location: ftp.uni-stuttgart.de : /pub/systems/msdos/programming/as
                   (original version in Turbo Pascal)
                 sunsite.unc.edu:
                      /pub/Linux/devel/lang/assemblers/asl-1.41r5.tar.gz
                   (new C version for Unix systems)
       Basic
        Program:  BASIC52.ZIP (BASIC-52.ZIP)
       Description:  Source files for original BASIC 52 interpreter
       Author:  Intel Corporation, Embedded Controller Operations
       Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51
                  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
        Program:  BAS051.ZIP
       Description:  Converts IBM BASIC to 8051 assembly (compiler)
       Author:  Winefred Washington
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
        Program:  BASIC31.ZIP
       Description:  BASIC-52 interpreter for 8031/8051 in external EPROM
       Author:  Intel w/ changes by Dan Karmann
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
        Program:  TB-51.ZIP
       Description:  TinyBASIC for 8031
       Author:  JHW (from Intel InSite library) w/ fixes by Tom Schotland
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
        Program:  TB51ML23.ZIP
       Description:  MetaLink ASM compatible tiny BASIC
       Author:  adapted for MetaLink assembler by Jim Lum
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
       Forth
        Program:  EFORTH51.ZIP
       Description:  eFORTH environment for the 8051
       Author:  C. H. Ting
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                  asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/eForth
        Program:  FORTH51.ZIP (FORTH86.ZIP used as host)
       Description:  FORTH development system for 8051 with PC host
       Author:  William H. Payne, the author of "Embedded Controller
                Forth for the 8051 Family"
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
                  asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
        Program:  XD8051.ZIP
       Description:  Development environment for use with F-PC Forth
       Author:  Paulo A.D. Ferreira
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/signetics-bbs
        Program:  51FORTH.ZIP
       Description:  Subroutine threaded Forth
       Author:  Scott Gehmlich
       Location:  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
                  130.123.96.9 : /giovanni/51forth.zip
        Program:  FORTH552.ZIP
       Description:  A Non-Standard Forth System for the Signetics 80C552
       Author:  Alberto Pasquale
       Location:  asterix.inescn.pt : /pub/forth/8051
                  hpcsos.col.hp.com : /mirrors/.hpib0/forth/8051
        Program:  CamelForth/51
       Description:  ANSI Standard Forth for the 8051 family
       Author:  Brad Rodriquez
                    email: bj@headwaters.com
                   amateur packet radio: VE3RHJ@VE3IJD.#CON.ON.CAN.NA
       Location: ftp://ftp.taygeta.com/pub/Forth/Camel/cam51-13.zip
        Program:  8051 eForth
       Description:  Public Domain optimized eForth for 8051 and 68HC11,
                     written in native UCASM assemblers.
       Comments:  Most of the documentation is in German.  Supplied with
                  EFTERM terminal emulator.
       Author:  W. Schemmer
       Location:  Available for $25 from:
                  Offete Enterprises, 1306 South B Street
                  San Mateo CA 94402
                  (415)574-8250
       Development systems
        Program:  8051.zip
       Description:  Many development tools including: debugger, monitor,
                     LCD and stepper moter driver, communications, host
                     client, and much more.  This is a great collection of
                     tools.
       Author:  Mark Hopkins
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/signetics-bbs
                  ftp.funet.fi : /pub/microprocs/MCS-51/csd4-archive
        Program:  RISM and IECM51.EXE compatible host system
       Description:  RISM is a reduced instruction set monitor and
                     IECM51.EXE is its compatible host system for a PC
       Comments:  These two programs together constitute a bare-bones
                  method of developing 80C51 system code without an
                  emulator.  RISM51X is installed in the target system
                  and connected to a host PC system through a serial port.
                  The host PC runs the debugger IECM51.EXE.  Once the
                  system has been debugged, RISM can be removed and the
                  target can be run in stand-alone mode.
       Author:  Intel
       Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/tools
        Program:  ApBUILDER 2.0
       Description:  Development system for the Intel MCS-51(R) family
                     (also for the MCS-96(R) family, 80x186, and 80x386
                     embedded microcontrollers).
       Comments:  Requires Windows 3.1
                  APBUILDR.TXT - description in ASCII
                  APBDISK1.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 1
                  APBDISK2.EXE - binary self-extracting file for disk 2
       Author:  Intel
       Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51 and /pub/mcs96
        Program:  FXDSMAN.EXE
       Description:  8xC51Fx data sheets and manual in Windows 3.1
                     hypertext style
       Comments:  binary self-extracting file for one diskette
       Author:  Intel
       Location:  ftp.intel.com : /pub/mcs51/80c51
        Program: sim51d
       Description:  Shareware Simulator in German
                     DM 50 to register for full version
       Author:  Werner Hennig-Roleff
       Location:  ftp.pppl.gov : /pub/8051/hannover
        Program: PDSWxxx.ZIP (where xxx represents the version number)          [updated 17-July-2000]
       Description: This is the 32-bit Windows IDE for PDS51, the Philips 80C51 and LPC family
                    emulation system. Can also be run as a simulator.
                    Supports all major compiler and assembler vendors.
       Location: http://www.pds51.com
        Program: NoICE
       Description:  PC-hosted debugger (NOT a simulator) for use with a
                     variety of microprocessor targets (Z80/Z180, Z8,
                     8051, 80(1)96, 6809, 68HC11, 65(C)02, M50740/M38000,
                     TMS370, and H8/300). The debugger consists of a
                     target-specific DOS program, NOICExxx.EXE, and a
                     target-resident monitor program (about 1K code).
       Comments:  Shareware.  The distributed version is fully functional.
                  Registration is $25 in the US, $30 elsewhere.
       Author:  John Hartman <102203.1513@compuserve.com>
       Location: any Simtel archive/mirror
                     or
                 CompuServe:
                    GO SDFORUM, library section 12, embedded systems
                    GO IBMFF, do keyword search for "NoICE"
                     or
                 The Circuit Cellar BBS at 860-871-1988
        Program: sim552vq.zip
       Description:  8051/80C552 simulator (Freeware)
       Comments:  Program is capable of reading .HEX and .S19 records, or
                  saving memory to a file.  It supports both code and
                  data.  Written in Turbo Pascal for XT and upwards.
       Author:  Brian Brown
       Location:  cscnt.cit.ac.nz : /pub/intel/sim552v1.zip
        Program: HASM, HSIM
       Description: A configurable Makroassembler/Simulator
       Comments: Only available in German
       Author: Dipl.- Ing. H.P. Hohe
       Copyright: Only private , Education and evalutation use
       Location: ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.zip
                 ftp.ix.de:pub/elrad/022/hasm18.txt
                   and mirrors of ftp.ix.de
        Program: Emily52
       Description:  simulator
       Comments:  Shareware.
       Author:  Dunfield Development Systems
       Location: any Simtel archive/mirror
        Program: BlowIT
       Description:  Atmel 2051 programer
       Comments:  Freeware
       Author:  Silicon Studio
       Location: http://sistudio.com/
       Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
        Program:  TERSE
       Description:  - Signature-Scheduled dataflow operating system
                     (RTOS) developed for embedded single-processor and
                     distributed microcontroller systems.  Easy to use,
                     very compact, and encourages totally deterministic
                     and safe performance.
                     - The first implementation is for the 8051 family,
                     and occupies from 260 to 450 bytes, the latter
                     offering network support.
                     - public domain
       Comments:  Also available is a new type of "terse-Case" development
                  methodology, particularly suited to embedded distributed
                  systems.
       Author: Barry Kauler
               Department of C & C Engineering
               Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Drive
               Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
               Email: b.kauler@cowan.edu.au
       Location:  WWW - http://www.goosee.com
   4.2)  Free C compilers
    * Small Device C Compiler SDCC http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/  [text supplied by SDCC 16-July-2000]
     SDCC is a freeware, retargettable, optimizing ANSI - C compiler, that runs on Linux and MS Windows 95/98/NT.

    SDCC will compile natively on Linux using gcc. Windows users will need to download the full development
     version of CYGWIN32, or download a pre-built WIN32 binary.
      SDCC was originally written by Sandeep Dutta, and the entire source code for the compiler is distributed
     under GNU General Public License.  Since its release, many others have contributed to SDCC's development.
     The code is hosted by SourceForge where all the "users turned developers" can access the same
     source tree.
      SDCC supported data types are short (8 bits, 1 byte), char (8 bits, 1 byte), int (16 bits, 2 bytes ),
     long (32 bit, 4 bytes) and float (4 byte IEEE). SDCC also comes with the source level debugger SDCDB.
     The compiler also allows inline assembler code to be embedded anywhere in a function. In addition routines
     developed in assembly can also be called.
      SDCC has extensive MCU specific language extensions which lets it utilize the underlying hardware
     effectively.  In addition to the MCU Specific optimizations SDCC also does a host of standard
     optimizations, including global sub expression elimination, loop optimizations (loop invariant, strength
     reduction of induction variables and loop reversing), constant folding and propagation, copy propagation,
     dead code elimination and jump tables for 'switch' statements.  For the back end SDCC uses a global
     register allocation scheme which should be well suited for other 8 bit MCUs, the peep hole optimizer uses
     a rule based substitution mechanism which is MCU independent.   
     
   * The Retargetable Concurrent Small C (RCSC) compiler is a free C compiler  [updated 16-July-2000]
     for the 8051. RCSC is downloadable from Dr. Dobb's at the ftp directory ftp://ftp.ddj.com/1997/1997.08/
     You want the files rcsc.asc, which gives a few examples, and rcsc.zip (691K), which is the actual
     compiler archive.
      Most commercial C compilers have evaluation versions available.
     These are not too useful (even for hobbyist projects) since they
     usually don't include libraries.  However, they do afford the user
     the chance to inspect the quality of the code generated.
      In most cases, it makes more sense to invest a bit, and get something
     serious.  Also, by buying a commercial package, you have the
     advantage of having the documentation, and being able to get
     technical support.  As Hershel Roberson says about the Dunfield
     package, "It is certainly worth the money. It is probably 3/4 as good
     as compilers that cost 10 times as much!"
      There are three low-cost C compilers currently available for 8051
     development:
      Dunfield Development Systems
      I've been using the Dunfield Development System, and its really quite
     nice.  I've also heard many good things about it from others.  For
     $100 you get a near ANSI-C compiler, run-time library with source,
     assembler, ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
     with source, utilities, and other extras.  A high quality simulator
     for only $50 is also available separately.  The simulator has an
     option allowing you to interface to your target by using an on-chip
     monitor.  Although not freeware, the low price, the features, all of
     the extra goodies, and the good reviews make this a package worth
     looking at.  Also, if you're interested in working on more than one
     family of microcontroller, Dunfield supports a wide range.  This
     means only needing to learn one system, instead of many.
            Dunfield Development Systems
           P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada   K2B 8S8
           (613)256-5820   Fax: (613)256-5821
           BBS: (613)256-6289
           Web:   http://www.dunfield.com
           Email: General information:      info@dunfield.com
           Sales inquiries/Administration: sales@dunfield.com
           Technical inquiries/Support      tech@dunfield.com
      Micro Computer Control Corporation
      Another low priced ($100) C compiler comes from Micro Computer
     Control.  This package was unavailable for review, but according to
     the manufacturer, it features:  Cross compilers running under DOS are
     available for the 8051 and the Z8 (including Super-8).  This package
     includes a C compiler, assembler, linker, librarian, and extensive
     printed documentation.  A simulator/source code debugger is available
     for an additional $79.95.  The simulator is completely configurable,
     so much so that you don't even need the target hardware to test with.
     You can configure all I/O and other features of your target chip or
     environment.
            Micro Computer Control Corporation
           PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ  08525
           (609)466-1751   Fax: (609)466-4116   BBS: (609)466-4117
           Email: 73062.3336@compuserve.com
      SPJ Systems
      C-31 is a cross compiler from SPJ Systems.  The full package is not free,
     but only costs $150 (USD). It includes a C compiler (ANSI compatible subset),
     assembler, source linker, and simulator (source code debugger).  Compiler features
     include: support for floating point numbers, extensive collection of library
     routines, support for using Special Function Registers (SFR), assembly language
     interface, peripheral keyword (allows specifying an address of a standard
     peripheral).
      The simulator allows source level debugging.  A few memory mapped hardware peripherals
     are simulated including an LCD display, 8279 keyboard processor, and an 8255 parallel
     port.  (SPJ also has a plain simulator available as a separate product for
     assembly/machine code debugging.)
      A working demo of the compiler package, which includes the library sources and permits
     the compilation of small programs, is available from their web site.  This is a new
     package with a few rough edges, but it easy to use, has a decent price, and has
     good potential. Check out the demo on their web site and see for yourselves.
            SPJ Systems
           114, Chitrashala Bldg.
           562, Sadashiv Peth
           Pune, India
           Phone: 91-20-4451607   Fax: 91-20-4480285
           Email: spj@spjsystems.com
           Web:   http://www.spjsystems.com
   4.3)  Commercially available products
      Many firms (large and small) offer a variety of 8051 microcontroller
     variants, programming languages, support packages, and development
     systems.
      No endorsement is implied by inclusion in this list.  I apologize to
     anyone I left out;  It's only because I didn't know about you.  If
     you want to be included in this list, just drop me a line - please.
     Any corrections and additions appreciated.
      C compilers ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)  24-Jan-2000
         - 2500 A.D.
         - Archimedes Software  $$$ & $$
         - Avocet Systems  $$
              repackaging of the Hi-Tech Software C compiler
         - ByteCraft $
         - Crossware Products
         - Dunfield Development Systems  $
              Complete C compiler development system for MS-DOS
              includes: compiler, run-time library with source, assembler,
                 ROM debugger, integrated development environment, monitor
                 with source, utilities, and other extras
              low price:  $100
              good reputation and good support
              works well with the Dallas DS5000/DS2250
         - Franklin Software  $$ ? (new prices)
              now marketing their own C compiler
              includes: PC-Lint and an IDE
         - IAR Systems
              IAR tool kit comes with a C-Cross compiler, assembler,
                 Xlink linker, Xlib librarian, C-SPY simulator, editor,
                 make utility and a real-time kernel
              formerly licensed for distribution in the US and Canada
                 under the Archimedes brand name
         - Hi-Tech Software  $$
              assembler, C compiler, linker, library, serial port
                 debugger, and Windows style integrated development
                 environment
              ANSI C and IEEE 32 float compatable with some very useful
                 extensions
              $900US
         - Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.
              Whitesmith's compiler, assembler, and C source level
              debugger
         - Keil Software  $$$
              compiler, assembler, debugger, real-time kernel, ROM
                 monitor, libraries for special 8051's to set SFR,
                 embedded I/O devices, A/D, etc. One of the most popular
                 8051 compilers on the market today. Also has USB and
                 CAN support.
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
              SYS51C - ANSI C Cross Compiler
         - Micro Computer Control  $
              Developer's kit includes "C"-like compiler, assembler,
                 linker, librarian, extensive printed documentation
              low cost ($99.95)
         - Okapi Systems
         - Production Languages Corporation
              DOS- and Windows- based compilers
              Integrated development environment includes ANSI C compiler,
                 assembler, linker, librarian, debugger
         - Raisonance
           32-bit Windows assembler/compiler/linker and IDE for 8051 and XA. Also
           supports ST-Microelectronics ST6 8-bit microcontroller.
         - Signum Systems
         - SPJ Systems  $
              low cost ($150.00)
              Includes compiler, linker, simulator
         - Tasking Inc. Also has USB support $$
      BASIC Interpreters/Compilers
         - Binary Technology, Inc.
         - Blue Earth Research: Blue Earth offers a BASIC interpreter based on the Intel BASIC-52 source.
           A tiny BASIC interpreter is also available. They are enhanced to be specific to the controller
           boards that they sell. A BASIC compiler is also available.
         - MDL Labs
              BASIKIT--Integrated Programming Environment for BASIC-52,
                 and for MDL-BASIC-I, MDL-BASIC-P, and MDL-BASIC-D.
     BASIKIT includes a full-screen editor and permits writing
                 programs with labels rather than line numbers.
              MDL-BASIC-I and MDL-BASIC-P are supersets of the original
                 BASIC-52, for the Intel 8052 and the Philips PCB83C552.
              MDL-BASIC-D is a BASIC for the Dallas 87C530 which accesses
                 all the features of the chip, including both serial
                 ports, the Watchdog, and the power-saving features. The
                 BASIC will address up to 512K of memory and will collect
                 data into that memory via serial port interrupts. It runs
                 faster at 25 MHz than compiled code on the 8052.
         - Micro Future
              Basic-52 development system
         - Systronix Inc. (Basic compiler)
      Pascal (no kidding!)
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
              PASCAL51 - Advanced Turbo PASCAL compliant cross compiler
         - Scientific Engineering Labs
         - Embedded Pascal - a low-cost integrated Pascal environment for the 8051
      Modula-2
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
              Mod51 - optimizing Modula-2 Compiler, smallest program is 14
              bytes, ideal for both very tight/fast projects and very
               large ones with multiple modules, produces smaller/tighter
              code than C, has extensive libraries and working examples
         - Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.
      Board level products
         - Ackerman Computers Sciences (ACS)
         - AM Research
              complete FORTH based system with PC based host system
         - Binary Technology, Inc.
         - Blue Earth Research
         - Blue Ridge Micros (8031 and 8052-BASIC based boards)
         - CG Microsystems
              MCU system based on the DS80C320
              piles of features including 2 ISA slots
              about $90 for the basic system
         - Circuit Cellar Inc.
         - DataCraft International
         - Dunfield Development Systems
         - EE Systems
         - Forth, Inc.
         - HiTech Equipment Corp.
         - J & M Microtek, Inc.
         - L.S. Electronic Systems Design
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
         - New Micros
              8051 based NMIY0031 SBC
              $39 + shipping you
              includes: SBC with 8051 (Infineon SAB8051, can be
                 substituted), 8K RAM, EPROM with a burnt-in monitor which
                 supports downloading hex files into the RAM and executing
                 them
              the board can accept 3 memory chips (each one up to
                 32K), one of which is for program, one for data and the
                 third can be configured as wanted
              it has a 4x5 matrix keyboard interface, LCD interface,
                 RS232 and support for RS422/485 (need to add the chips)
     prototyping area of about 3.5 x 2 inches
              on floppy you get:  User manual for the board in Word
                 and plain text formats with many programming examples in
                 all supplied languages (about 150 pages), A51 assembler,
                 Small C compiler, hex file for the MCS-52 Basic
                 interpreter EPROM with MCS-52 manual, hex file for
                 MAX-FORTH interpreter EPROM with documentation, hex file
                 for the supplied monitor and documentation, and a
                 terminal program
         - Parallax, Inc.
         - Prologic Designs
         - Rigel Corporation
         - Software Science
              nice boards with prototyping area
         - Suncoast Technologies
         - URDA, Inc.
         - Zionix http://www.zionix.com
           Zionix specializes in 8, 16, and 32 bit single board computers. Zionix
           features the Z8051-SBC, which is an 8051-based single board computer with
           peripherals such as 40K gate Xilinx FPGA, PCMCIA interface, 10 ADCs, 2 DACs,
           Waferscale PSD memory (In System Programmable), NVSRAM and much more...
           
      Assemblers
         - 2500 A.D.
         - 8052.com
         - Archimedes Software
         - Crossware Products
         - Custom Computer Consultants
         - Cybernetics Microsystems
         - Dunfield Development Systems
              Supports both Intel and Motorola style syntax
         - Emulation Technology, Inc.
         - Intel Corporation
         - Keil Software
         - Metalink
         - Micro Computer Control
         - Microtek Research
         - Onset Computer Corporation (8051 Assember for MAC)
         - PseudoCorp
         - Phyton, Inc
         - Raven Computer Systems
         - Signum Systems
         - Speech Technology Inc.
              TASM (table driven cross assembler supports many different
              microcontrollers and microprocessors)
         - Universal Cross Assemblers
              CROSS32 supports 40-50 different processors
         - Tasking
      Forth
         - AM Research
              Development system, features kernel of less than 700 bytes
         - Forth, Inc.
              A cross-development product for the 8051 family
                 which includes a board and extensive documentation.
         - Forth Systeme
         - MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.
              A cross-development system for the 8051 family
                 extensive documentation
              interactive single chip development, multitasking,
                 bank switching for more than 64k code
         - Offete Enterprises
              8051 eForth (C. H. Ting -- $25.00).  "A small ROM based
                 Forth system ... Source code is in MASM IBM 5.25 disk
                 with 8051 eForth Implementation Note."
      ROM Monitor-based Debuggers
         - ChipTools (ChipView-51 looks like turbo debugger)
         - Dunfield Development Systems
              Can be used with DS5000 for single-chip in-circuit
                 emulation
      Simulators  24-Jan-2000
         - 8052.com
         - Archimedes
         - Avocet Systems
         - ChipTools, Inc.
         - Crossware (simulator running under Windows)
         - Dunfield Development Systems
              Low cost $50.00
              500,000+ instructions/second on 486/33
              Can interface to target system for physical I/O
              Includes PC hosted "on chip" debugger with identical user
                 interface
         - HiTech Equipment Corp.
         - Hitex
         - J & M Microtek, Inc.
         - Keil Software
         - Lear Com Company
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
         - Micro Computer Control Corporation
              Simulator/source code debugger ($79.95)
         - Microtek Research
         - Phytec
         - Phyton
         - Production Languages Corp.
         - PseudoCorp
         - SoftChip Ltd
         - Tasking Inc.
      Emulators ($$$ - high, $$ - medium, $ - low priced)
       Check to make sure that the emulator supports the required
       peripherals (UART, SPI, etc), as well as you memory configuration,
       before you make your selection.
       emulator supports the required external hardware (ports,
       interrupts, etc) before they buy - its probably the most
       important spec, but one easily missed. Some emulators only offer
       very minimal support, which sometimes hardly makes it worthwhile to
       bother.>
         - Advanced Micro Solutions  $$
         - Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc.  $
         - Acqura Systems (formerly Applied Digital Research Ltd.)  $$
         - American Automation  $$$  $$
         - Applied Microsystems  $$
         - ChipTools (front end for Nohau's emulator)
         - Cybernetic Micro Systems  $
         - Dunfield Development Systems $
         - HBI Limited  $
         - Hitex  $$  $$$
         - Huntsville Microsystems  $$
         - Intel Corporation  $$$
         - Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH $$$
              8051 In-Circuit Emulators based on a universal high-
                 performance emulation system called TRACE32.
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
              full line covering everything from the Atmel flash to the
                 Infineon powerhouse 80c517a
         - MetaLink Corporation  $
         - Nohau Corporation  $$
         - Phytec Corporation $
         - Signum Systems  $$
         - Sophia Systems  $$$
         - Zax Corporation
         - Zitek Corporation  $$$
      Real-time
         - Byte-BOS Integrated Systems
              small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
         - Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)
              ROMable embedded-system kernel: source provided.  Provides
              programming interface identical on all target platforms.
              Basic, advanced, and extended library packages available.
         - Intellimap Engineering
              DCE51 real time operating system
         - JMI Software Systems, Inc.
              small, prioritized, preemptive real-time kernel
         - StarCom
              CRTX, embedded real-time micro kernel primarily intended for
              embedded 8-bit applications using 8051, 68HC11, 80188 etc.
              Simple, low cost, and includes ANSI C source for
              portability.
         - U S Software
              SuperTask! - multitasking executive
      Trainers
         - Advanced Educational Systems (AES)
              complete learning system (board, LCD, keypad, A/D, D/A, etc)
         - Sun Equipment Corp.
              trainers
      Miscellaneous
         - Creative Applications Engineering, Inc
              CheepTools (integrated environment)
         - Dallas Semiconductor
              evaluation/development kit for their DS5000 (very nice)
         - Data Sync Engineering (disassembler)
         - Datarescue
              IDA - an interactive, multi-os disassembler supporting:
              OS/2, Win95, Win NT, Win, NLMs and more. Unlike other
              disassemblers, IDA works with you, allowing you to modify
              the disassembled code "on the fly". It supports many
              processors, various input file formats, and can produce
              various output files etc.  IDA has a built-in C-like
              language and sports a TVision user interface.
         - Educational Laboratories
              development courses:
                8051 Microcontroller Based Computer Design
                Programming 8051 Based Computers
              each course $19.95, both $29.95
         - Electronic Product Design, Inc.
              development system (integrated package with assembler,
              project manager, text editor, programmer)
         - Exor Inc. (ladder logic compiler)
         - Feger + Co.
              offers a series of German language 8051 related books they
              call `MC-Tools' describing the processors and/or projects
              for PC-addin boards:
              MC-Tools 1 - 80c535 project for DM 119; includes 260 page
                book, an empty PCB, and a diskette with assembler,
                debugger, PC-Oscilloscope
              MC-Tools 4 - same as above but based on 80c537
              MC-Tools 3 - Die 8051-Microcontroller Familie vom 8051 zum
                80C517A; text book on the 8051 and Infineon derivatives,
                360 pages.
              MC-Tools 5 - handbook on the 80C517 and 80C517A, 360 pages
         - Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
              PIC to 8051 conversion program
         - Philips
              87C51 programmers
                LCPx5x - 24 and 28 pin DIL and 68 pin PLCC Philips parts
                       - 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 451, 453, 552
                LCPx5x40 - 40 pin DIL or 44 pin PLCC Philips parts
                Range further expanded by adaptors
         - Quantasm Corp.
              ASMFLOW - produces flowchart and tree diagrams from source
                 code, register usage analysis, Xref, timing info
         - TCG
              EPROM emulator
              Atmel 2051 programmer
         - U S Software
              USNET - TCP/IP networking suite
              USFiles - file system
              GOFAST - floating point library
         - Xicor
              SLIC2E microperipherals - wires up directly to an 8051 and
                needs no glue logic, contains:
                   - 8K x 8 EEPROM in individual 4K segments
                   - 2 8-BIT I/O ports
                   - 16 8-BIT RAM registers
                   - Integrated Interrupt Controller Module
                   - Internal programmable address decoding
                   - code loaded at the factory allowing users to
                     download programs into EEPROM
              Development Support package includes a DATA BOOK, a
                SAMPLE of the CHIP (PDIP or PLCC, your choice) and PC
                compatible software for downloading and testing your
                programs. $15
              Development system includes a populated board. $180
   CONTACT INFORMATION
       2500 A.D.       109 Brookdale Ave., Box 480, Buena Vista, CO  81211
                     (719)395-8683
      Ackerman Computer Sciences (ACS)
                     4276 Lago Way, Sarasota, FL  34241
                     (813)377-5775   Fax: (813)378-4226
      Advanced Educational Systems (AES)
                     1407 North Batavia Street, Orange, CA  92677
                     (800)730-3232   (714)744-0981   Fax: (714)744-2693
      Advanced Micro Devices
                     901 Thompson Place, PO Box 3453
                     Sunnyvale, CA  94088-3000
                     (408)732-2400
      Advanced Microcomputer Systems, Inc.
                     1321 NW 65th Place, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309
                     (305)975-9515  Fax: (305)975-9698
      Advanced Micro Solutions
                     1033 S Imperial Dr., Hartland, WI 53029
                     (414)367-3577
      American Automation
                     2651 Dow Avenue, Tustin, CA  92680
                     (714)731-1661
      AM Research     4600 Hidden Oaks Lane, Loomis, CA  95650
                     (800)949-8051   (916)652-7472   Fax: (916)6642
                     BBS: (916)652-7117
                     Email: support@amresearch.com
                     http://www.amresearch.com
      Acqura Systems
                     P.O. Box 6480, Wellesley St, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
                     +64 9 415-2514, Fax +64 9 415-3514
                     Email: info@acqura.com
                     WWW: http://www.acqura.com
      Applied Microsystems
                     5020 148th Ave. N.E., PO Box 97002
                     Redmond, WA  98073-9702
      Archimedes Software
                     2159 Union St., San Francisco, CA  94123
                     (415)567-4010
                     WWW: http://www.archimedes.com/devtools
      Ashling Microsystems Ltd
     Ireland         Plessey Technological Park
                     Limerick, Ireland
                     +353 61 334466   Fax:  +353 61 334477
     United Kingdom  Butler House
                     19-23 Market Street
                     Maidenhead, Berkshire,  UK
                     +0628 773070   Fax: 0628 773009
      Atmel           2125 O'Nel Drive, San Jose, CA  95131
                     (800)365-3375  (408)441-0311   Fax: (408)436-4300
      Avocet Systems  120 Union St., Rockport, ME  04856
                     (800)448-8500  (207)236-9055   Fax: (207)236-6713
      Binary Technology, Inc.
                     PO Box 541, Carlisle, MA  01741
                     (508)369-9556   Fax: (508)369-9549
      Blue Earth Research
                     1415 First Ave Suite 400, Mankato, MN 56001
                     (507)387-4001   Fax: (507)387-4008
                     http://www.BlueEarthResearch.com
                     bersales@BlueEarthResearch.com
      Blue Ridge Micros
                     2505 Plymouth Rd., Johnson City, TN  37601
                     (615)335-6696   Fax: (615)929-3164
      Tasking
     United States   333 Elm Street, Dedham, MA  02026-4530
                     (800)458-8276  (617)320-9400  Fax: (617)320-9212
     Europe          Tasking Software BV
                     P O Box 899, 3800 AW Amersfoort, Netherlands
                     +31 33 558584   Fax: +31 33 550033
      Business Data Computers
                     P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA  96020
      Byte-BOS Integrated Systems
                     P.O. Box 3067, Del Mar, CA 92014
                     (800)788-7288   (619)755-8836
      CG Microsystems
                     http://home.earthlink.net/~cgmicro/
      ChipTools Inc   (905)274-6244   Fax: (905)891-2715
                     Email: Email: info@chiptools.com
                     Web: http://www.chiptools.com/
      Circuit Cellar Inc.
                     4 Park St., Vernon, CT  06066
                     (203)875-2751   Fax: (203)872-2204
      Creative Applications Engineering, Inc
                     Ed Carryer
                     (415)494-2363   BBS: (415)494-8463
      Crossware Products
                     St John's Innovation Centre
                     Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 4WS, UK
                     +44 1223 421263  Fax: +44 1223 421006
                     Email: sales@crossware.com
                     Web: http://www.crossware.com
      Custom Computer Consultants
                     1807 Huron River Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197
      Cybernetic Micro Systems
                     Box 3000, San Gregorio, CA  94074
                     (415)726-3000
      Dallas Semiconductor
                     4401 S. Beltwood Parkway, Dallas, TX  75244-3292
                     (214)450-0448   Fax: (214)450-3715
                     International:  (214)450-5351
                     Orders:  (800)336-6933
                     Email: micro.support@dalsemi.com
                     Web: www.dalsemi.com
      DataCraft International
                     2828 Ione Dr., San Jose, CA  95132
                     (800)873-3709   (408)259-4866
      Data Sync Engineering
                     40 Trinity St., Newton, NJ 07860
                     (201)383-1355   Fax: (201)383-9382
                     Email: sales@datasynceng.com
                     Web: http://www.datasynceng.com
      DataRescue sprl
                     110 route du Condroz, 4121 Neupre  Belgium
                     Web: http://www.datarescue.com
      Dunfield Development Systems
                     P.O. Box 31044, Nepean, Ontario Canada   K2B 8S8
                     (613)256-5820   Fax: (613)256-5821
                     BBS: (613)256-6289
                     Web:   http://www.dunfield.com
                     Email: General information:      info@dunfield.com
                     Sales inquiries/Administration: sales@dunfield.com
                     Technical inquiries/Support      tech@dunfield.com
                     Old Email address:  ddunfield@bix.com
      EE Systems      50935 Hill Dr., Elkhart, IN  46514
                     (219)296-1754   Fax: (219)522-4271
      Electronic Product Design, Inc.
                     6963 Bluebelle Way, Springfield, OR  97478
                     (503)741-0778
      Embedded System Products (formerly A.T. Barrett and Associates)
                     11501 Chimney Rock, Houston, TX  77035-2900
                     (800)525-4302   (713)728-9688   Fax: (713)728-1049
      Emulation Technology, Inc.
                     2344 Walsh Avenue, Bldg. F, Santa Clara, CA  95051
                     (408)982-0660   Fax: (408)982-0664
                     Email: et@pmail.emulation.com
                      WWW: http://www.emulation.com
                     FTP: ftp.emulation.com
      Exor Inc.
                     4740T Interstate Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45246
                     (513)874-4665   Fax: (513)874-3684
      Feger + Co., Hardware + Software Verlags OHG
                     Marienstrasse 1, D-83301 Traunreut, Germany
      Forth, Inc.     1-800-55FORTH
                     http://www.earthlink.net/~forth
      Forth Systeme   P.O. Box 1103, Breisach, Germany
                     7767-551
      Franklin Software
                     (408)296-8051
      HBI Limited
                     6F, 1 Fleming Road, Hong Kong
                     852-891-3673  Fax: 852-834-9748
      Hewlett-Packard 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA  94304
      HiTech Equipment Corp.
                     9672 Via Excelencia, San Diego. CA 92126
                     (619)566-1892   Fax: (619)530-1458
                     Email: info@hte.com   WWW: http://www.hte.com
      Hi-Tech Software
                     PO Box 103, Alderly QLD 4051, Australia
                     (+61-7) 300 5011   Fax: (+61-7) 300 5246
                     BBS: +61 7 3300 5235
                     Email: hitech@hitech.com.au WWW: http://www.hitech.com.au/
      Hitex
     North America   HiTOOLS Inc., 2055 Gateway Place, Suite 400
                     San Jose, CA 95110
                     (408) 451 3986   Fax: (408) 441 9486
                     http://www.hitex.com  info@hitex.com
     Germany         Greschbachstr 12, 76229 Karlsruhe
                     0721/9628-0      Fax: 0721/9628-149
                     info@hitex.ti.ba-karlsruhe.de
                     http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/BA/firmen/hitex
     United Kingdom  Sir William Lyons Road, Science Park
                     Coventry CV4 7EX
                     +0203 692066     Fax: +0203 692131
       Huntsville Microsystems
                     4040 S. Memorial Parkway, PO Box 12415
                     Huntsville, AL  35802
      IAR Systems Software
     North America   One Maritime Plaza, Suite 1770
                     San Fransisco, CA 94111  USA
                     (415)765-5500   Fax: (415)765-5503
     Sweden          IAR Systems AB
                     Box 23051
                     S-750 23 Uppsala, Sweden
                     +46 18 16 7800   Fax: +46 18 16 7838
     Germany         IAR Systems GmbH
                     Brucknerstrasse 27
                     D-81677 Munchen, Germany
                     +49 89 470 6022   Fax: +49 89 470 9565
     United Kingdom  IAR Systems Ltd
                     9 Spice Court
                     Plantation Wharf, York Rd
                     London SWII 3UE, England
                     +44 71 924 3334   Fax: +44 71 924 5341
      Intel Corporation
                     3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA  95051
                     Technical Help: (800)628-8686 (USA/Canada only)
                        5 am to 5 pm PST
                     Email: james_sampson@ccm.hf.intel.com
                     Faxback support: (800)628-2283 (USA/Canada)
                        touch tone phones only
                        Will only FAX to USA/Canada locations
                        English or Japanese support is available
                     BBS: (916)356-3600  24 Hr.
                        Auto config: 1200 thru 14.4K Baud
      Intellimap Engineering
                     1140 Morrison Dr., Suite 222
                     Ottawa Ontario Canada K2H 8S9
                     (613)829-3196   Fax: (613)820-1773
      Intermetrics Microsystems Software, Inc.
                     733 Concord Ave., Cambridge, MA  02138
                     (617)661-0072   Fax: (617)868-2843
      Integrated Silicom Solution
                     2231 Lawson Lane, Santa Clara, CA  95054
                     (800)379-4774  Fax: (408)588-0806
      J & M Microtek, Inc.
                     83 Seaman Rd., W Orange, NJ  07052
                     (201)325-1892   Fax: (201)736-4567
      JMI Software Systems, Inc.
                     P.O. Box 481, 904 Sheble Lane, Spring House, PA 19477
                     (215)628-0840   Fax: (215)628-0353
      KC Automation GmbH (support for Sysoft products)
                     Alfredo Knecht
                     CH-6991 Neggio, Switzerland
                     Fax: ++41-91591149
                     Email: akne@tinet.ch
      Keil Elektronik GmbH 
       Europe        Bretonischer Ring 15 
                     D-85630 Grasbrunn b. Muenchen, Germany 
                     49 89 / 46 50 57   Fax: 49 89 / 46 81 62 
        North America Keil Software 
                     1501 10th Street, Suite 110 
                     Plano, TX  75074 
                     (800)348-8051 (sales and tech support) 
                     (972)312-1107   Fax: (972)312-1159
                     Also has an extensive web support Knowledge Base
                     Web: http://www.keil.com/
                     FTP: ftp://ftp.keil.com/
      Lakeview Research (Jan Axelson)
                     2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
                     (608)241-5824
                     Email: jaxelson@lvr.com
                     WWW: http://www.lvr.com/
      Lauterbach Datentechnik GmbH
       Europe        Fichtenstr. 27, D-85649 Hofolding, Germany
                     ++49 (0)8104 8943 31   Fax: ++49 (0)8104 8943 49
                     Compuserve: 100272,507
                     Email: sales@lauterbach.com
                     WWW: http://www.lauterbach.com
       USA           Lauterbach Inc.
                     945 Concord Street, Framingham,MA 01701
                     (508)620-4521   Fax: (508)620-4522
      Lear Com Company
                     2440 Kipling St. Suite 206, Lakewood, CO  80215
                     (303)232-2226   Fax: (303)232-8721
      Logical Systems Corporation (Disassembler, Simulator)
     Micro Dialects, Inc.
                     POB 30014, Cincinnati, OH  45230
                     (513)271-9100
      Logisoft        Box 61929, Sunnyvale CA  94086
                     (408)773-8465  Fax: (408)773-8466
      L.S. Electronic Systems Design
                     2280 Camilla Rd., Mississauga, Ontario
                     Canada  L5A 2J8
                     (905)277-4893   Fax: (905)277-0047
      Lumino B.V
                     Web: http://www.lumino.nl/lumino/
      Mandeno Granville Electronics, Ltd
                     128 Grange Rd., Auckland 3, New Zealand
                     +64 9 6300 558   Fax: +64 9 6301 720
      Matra Semiconductor
                     2840-100 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA  95051
                     (408)986-9000
      MDL Labs
                     1073 Limberlost Court,  Columbus, OH 43235
                     Tel/Fax: 614-431-2675
                     Email: arl@infinet.com
      MetaLink Corporation
     North America   325 E. Elliot Road, Chandler, AZ  85255
                     (800)638-2423   (602)926-0797
                     Fax:  (602)926-1198
     Europe          MetaLink Europe GmbH
                     Westring 2, 8011<85614>
                     Kirchseeon-Eglharting, Germany
                     (08091)2046   Fax: (08091)2386
      Micro Computer Control Corporation
                     PO Box 275, 17 Model Ave., Hopewell, NJ  08525
                     (609)466-1751   Fax: (609)466-4116
                     BBS: (609)466-4117
                     Email: 73062.3336@compuserve.com
      Micro Future    40944 Cascado Place, Fremont, CA  94539
                     (510)657-0264   Fax: (510)657-5441
                     BBS: (510)657-5442
      MicroMint       4 Park St., Vernon, CT  06066
                     (203)875-2751   Fax: (203)872-2204
      Microtek International, Inc.
     North America   Microtek International, Inc.
                     3300 N.W. 211th Terrace, Hillsboro, OR  97124
                     (503)645-7333   Fax: (503)629-8460
     Europe          Microtek Electronics Europe GmbH
                     Starnberger Strasse 22, 82131 Gauting bei Munchen
                     Germany
                     +49(89)893139-30    Fax: +49(89)893139-50
      MPE: MicroProcessor Engineering Ltd.
                     133 Hill Lane, Shirley, Southampton SO1 5AF U.K.
                     +44 1703 631441   Fax: +44 1703 339691
                     Email: mpe@mpeltd.demon.co.uk
                            sales@mpeltd.demon.co.uk
                            70730.3576@compuserve.com
      New Micros of Dallas Texas
      Nohau Corporation
                     51 E. Campbell Ave., Campbell, CA  95008
                     (408)866-1820
                     (408)378-2912 (24 hr. information center)
                     Fax: (408)378-7869
                     Email: nohau@shell.portal.com
                     WWW: http://www.nohau.com/nohau
      Offete Enterprises, Inc.
                     1306 South B Street, San Mateo, CA  94402
                     (415) 574-8250
      Okapi Systems   (206)258-1163
      Onset Computer Corporation
                     199 Main St.,  P.O. Bos 1030
                     North Falmouth, MA 02556-1030
                     (508)563-9000   Fax: (508)563-9477
      Orion Instruments, Inc.
                     1376 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA  94089
                     (408)747-0440  Fax: (408)747-0688
                     Email: info@oritools.com
                     http://www.oritools.com
      Orion Instruments
                     180 Independence Drive, Menlo Park, CA  94025
                     (800)729-7700   Fax: (415)327-9881
      Philips Microcontroller Product Group
                     811 East Arques Ave. / POB 3409
                     Sunnvale, CA  94088-3409
                     Technical documentation:
                         Sunnyvale, CA - (800)447-1500  Fax: (408)991-3773
                         Eindhoven, Netherlands - Fax: 31-40-724825
                     Technical questions:
                         Sunnyvale, CA - (408)991-3518
       Phyton, Inc.    7206 Bay Parkway, 2nd floor 
                     Brooklyn, N.Y. 11204, USA 
                     Phone: (718)-259-3191 
                     Fax: (718)-259-1539 
                     http://www.Phyton.com
                     e-mail: info@phyton.com
       Production Languages Corporation
                     P.O. Box 109, Weatherford, TX  76086
                     (800)525-6289   (817)599-8365   Fax: (817)599-5098
      Prologic Designs
                     PO Box 19026, Baltimore, MD  21204
                     (410)661-5950   Fax: (410)661-5950
      PseudoCorp      2597 Potter St., Eugene, OR 97405
                     (541)683-9173   Fax: (541)683-9186
                     Email: rhowden@teleport.com
                     Web: http://www.teleport.com/~rhowden
      Quantasm Corporation
                     19672 Stevens Creek Blvd.
                     Cupertino, CA  95014
                     (800)765-8086   (408)244-6826   Fax: (408)244-7268
      Raven Computer Systems
                     PO Box 12116, St. Paul, MN  55112
                     (612)636-0365
      Rigel Corporation
                     P.O. Box 90040, Gainesville, FL  32607
      Scientific Engineering Labs
                     255 Beacon St., Suite 3D, Somerville, MA  02143
                     (617)625-0288
      Infineon Technologies Inc. (formerly Siemens Microelectronics)
                     Integrated Circuit Division, 10950 N. Tantau Ave.
                     Cupertino, CA  95014
                     (800)777-4363  Fax: (708)296-4805
      Signetics Corporation (see Philips Microcontroller Product Group)
      Signum Systems  Mountain View, CA     (415)903-2220
                     Thousand Oaks, CA     (805)371-4608
      Software Science
                     3570 Roundbottom Rd., Cincinnati, OH  45244
                     (513)561-2060  Fax: (513)271-3181
                     Email: pbarnes@iglou.com
      Sophia Systems  NS Bldg. 2-4-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinuku-ku
                     Tokyo 160, Japan
                     03-348-7000
      Speech Technology Inc., Software Division
                     837 Front Street South, Issaquah, WA  98027
                     (206)392-8150
      SPJ Systems     114, Chitrashala Bldg.
                     562, Sadashiv Peth
                     Pune, India 411 030
                     +91-20-4451607   Fax: +91-20-4480285
                     Email: spj@spjsystems.com
                     Web: http://www.spjsystems.com
      Standard Microsystems Corporation
                     80 Arkay Dr.,  Hauppage, NY  11788
                     (516)435-6000    Fax: (516)231-6004
                     WWW: http://www.smc.com
                     Email: techsupport@smc.com
      StarCom         WWW: http://www.n2.net/starcom
      Sun Equipment Corporation
     Lodestar Electronics Corp.
                     616 Hawick Rd., Raleigh, NC  27615
                     (800)870-1955   (919)881-2141   Fax: (919)870-5720
      Suncoast Technologies
                     P.O. Box 5835, Spring Hill FL 34606
                     Voice/FAX (352)596-7599
                     Email: suncoast@earthlink.net
                     WWW: http://home.earthlink.net/~suncoast/
      Sysoft SA       (closed as of 1989 - see KC Automation GmbH)
      Systronix Inc.  555 S. 300 E., Salt Lake City, UT  84111
                     (801)534-1017  Fax: (801)534-1019
                     BBS: (801)487-2778
      TCG
                     11 Ally22 Ln21 Pei-Ta Rd.
                     Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
                     (886)3-532-7372   Fax: 886-3-531-7162
                     Email:ch.bbs@csie.nctu.edu.tw
                     http://www.yp.at-taiwan.com/~com00121
                     http://www.hth.com
      URDA, Inc.      (800)338-0517   (412)683-8732
      US Software     14215 N.W. Science Park Drive, Portland, OR  97229  USA
                     (800)356-7097   (503)641-8446   Fax: (503)644-2413
                     Product information available by ftp -
                        ftp.netcom.com : pub/ussw
      Universal Cross Assemblers
                     Canada
                     (506)849-8952   Fax: (506)847-0681
      Vail Silicon Tools, Inc.
                     Box 165, Pompano Beach FL  33069   USA
                     (305)491-7443   Fax: (305)974-8531
      Xicor
                     1511 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA   USA
                     (408)432-8888   Fax: (408)432-0640
                     Email: info@smtpgat.xicor.com
                     http//www.xicor.com
                     BBS: (800)258-8864
      Zax Corporation
                     2572 White Road, Irving, CA 92714
                     (800)421-0982   (714)474-1170
      Zionix, LLC Control and Data Acquisition products.
                     14027 N. Hills Village
                     San Antonio, TX 78249   USA
                     Web : http://www.zionix.com
                     email : info@zionix.com
                     Tel : 210.269.4667
      Zitek Corporation
                     1651 East Edinger Ave., Santa Ana, Ca  92705
                     (714)541-2931
  back to top
  5)  8051 DOCUMENTATION
   5.1) Periodicals that cover the 8051
      Various magazines and journals (journals seems to be THE popular name
     for magazines these days) provide articles from time to time on the
     8051 family of microcontrollers:
      The Computer Applications Journal (Circuit Cellar Ink)
         - programming and construction articles
         - POB 7694, Riverton, NJ  08077-8784
         - FAX: (203)872-2204
         - Voice orders: (609)786-0409
         - Email orders: ken.davidson@circellar.com
         - BBS: (203)871-1988
           WWW: http://www.circellar.com
         - $21.95, $31.95 surface Canada and Mexico,
            $49.95 air all other countries
      Computer Design
         - industry announcements and trends
         - One Technology Park Drive, P.O. Box 990, Westford, MA  01886
         - (508)692-0700
      The Computer Journal
         - programming and construction articles, specializing in 8-bit
           and older computers (Z80-CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, microcontrollers,
           etc)
         - programming and construction articles, specializing in old
           computers (S-100, CP/M, TRS-80, Xerox, Adam, etc)
         - P.O. Box 3900, Citrus Heights, CA 95611-3900
         - (800)424-8825 or (916) 722-4970   FAX: (916) 722-7480
         - BBS: (916) 722-5799
         - Web: http://www.psyber.com/~tcj
         - Email: tcj@psyber.com
                  Dave Baldwin: dibald@netcom.com
                  Bill Kibler: kibler@psyber.com
         - USENET newsgroup alt.tcj
      Dr. Dobbs Journal
         - programming articles, concepts, and designs
         - 411 Borel Ave., San Mateo, CA  94402
         - (415)358-9500
      EDN
         - Cahners Publishing Company
           8773 South Ridgeline Blvd., Highlands Ranch, CO 80126-2329
         - annual microprocessor and DSP editions
         - http://www.ednmag.com/
      Electronic Engineering Times
         - industry announcements and trends
         - FREE to qualified engineers and managers involved in
           engineering decisions
         - Fulfillment Dept., PO Box 9055, Jericho, NY  11753-8955
         - FAX: (516)733-6960
      Electronics Now
         - construction articles
         - Box 55115, Boulder, CO  80321-5115
         - $19.97 one year
      Elektor Electronics
         - programming and construction articles
         - World Wide Subscription Service Ltd
           Unit 4, Gibbs Reed Farm, Pashley Road
           Ticehurst TN5 7HE, England
         - 27 UK pounds
      or
         - Old Colony Sound Lab, P.O. Box 243, Peterborough, NH 03458
         - Tel. (603)924-6371, 924-6526
         - Fax: (603)924-9467
         - $57 USA and Canada per year
      Embedded Systems Programming
         - programming and systems design articles
         - Miller Freeman Publications
         - 500 Howard St., San Francisco, CA  94105
         - Miller Freeman: (415)905-2200
         - Embedded Systems Programming phone: (800)829-5537
      Forth Dimensions
         - monthly magazine on Forth
         - Forth Interest Group, P.O. Box 2154, Oakland, California 94621
         - (510)893-6784   Fax: (510)535-1295
         - Email: johnhall@aol.com
         - Forth Interest Group home page:
              http://taygeta.oc.nps.navy.mil/fig_home.html
      Inquisitor Magazine
         - If you're the type that watched Gilligan's Island for its
           socio-political insights, then you'll love a new 'zine that
           just crossed my desk - Inquisitor Magazine.  It's general
           philosophy seems to be ... well, it seems to be ... uh, yeah!
           Technical in nature, bizarre, tongue in cheek, eclectic,
           electric, did I mention bizarre(?), and lots of fun.  Worth
           looking at if you like the out of the ordinary.  The moving
            force behind this magazine is Daniel Drennan, who seems to have
           suffered from an overdose of radiation from his computer
           monitor ;-).
         - Planetarium Station, P.O.Box 132, New York, NY  10024-0132
         - (212)595-8370
         - Email: inquisitor@echonyc.com
         - $16 per year (4 issues)
      Microcomputer Journal
         - programming and construction articles
         - Midnight Engineering, 1700 Washington Av., Rocky Ford, CO 81067
         - (719)254-4558  Fax: (719)254-4517
      Midnight Engineering
         - 1700 Washington Ave., Rocky Road, CO  81067
           (719)254-4558   Fax: (719)254-4517
      MW Media - Product Directories
         - 8051 Product Directory
           (survey of various 8051 products)
         - Intel Development Tools Handbook
           (survey of commercial development tools for the 8051, 8096,
           and 80186 lines of Intel microprocessors)
         - This documents could very well be a "must" if you're into
           serious development using one of these chips.  If you are
           "just" a hobbyist, see how the "other half" lives.
         - other guides on Intel development tools, Embedded Intel 386,
           Intel 486/Pentium, 8051 products, Hitachi microcontroller
           development tools, AMD FusionE86, AMD 29K; low power products,
           DSP, multimedia CD
         - FREE to qualified developers
         - MW Media
         - Fairmont Plaza, 50 W. San Fernando, #675, San Jose, CA  95113
         - (408)288-4721 and (408)286-4200
         - FAX: (408)288-4728
      Nuts & Volts Magazine
         - A National Publication for the Buying and Selling of
           Electronic Equipment
         - 430 Princeland Court, Corona, CA  91719
         - Mailed third class, USA only:  $17.00 one year
                                          $31.00 two years
         - Mailed first class, one year only:  $34.00-USA
                                               $35.00-Canada/Mexico
         - Foreign/Air Mail - $70.00;  Foreign/Surface - $39.00
         - (800)783-4624
         - Email:  74262.3664@compuserve.com
   5.2)  Books on the 8051
  5.2.1)  List of books
      I don't have information on all of these, only that they exist.  I
     would greatly appreciate it if someone could provide a short synopsis
     and the complete book name if you are familiar with any of these
     titles.
        The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
         - Richard H. Barnett
         - Prentice-Hall, 1995
         - ISBN 0-02-306281-9
      8051 Interfacing and Applications
         - Applied Logic Engineering
         - 13008 93rd Place North, Maple Grove, MN  55369
         - (612)494-3704
      The 8051 Microcontroller
         - I. Scott MacKenzie
         - Prentice Hall
         - 2nd edition, 1995
         - ISBN 0-02-373660-7
         - includes schematics for a single-board computer,
           assembly-language source code for a monitor program, and
           interfaces to a keypad, LEDs, and loudspeaker
       The 8051 Microcontroller
         - James W. Stewart
         - Regents/Prentice-Hall, 1993
         - $27.50, 273 pages
         - includes many interfacing examples (switches, solenoids,
           relays, shaft encoders, displays, motors, and A/D converters)
           and a chapter on top-down design method
      The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications
         - Kenneth J. Ayala
         - 241 pages, soft cover
         - 5.25" diskette with assembler and simulator
         - ISBN 0-314-77278-2, Dewey 004.165-dc20
         - West Publishing Company
         - P.O. Box 64526, St. Paul, MN  55164
         - (800)328-9352
         - see review in next section
      Assembly Language Programming (for the MCS-51 family)
         - F. A. Lyn
         - L. S. Electronic Systems Design
      Basic-52 Programmer's Guide
         - Systronix, Inc. (they also sell a Basic compiler)
      Beginner's Guide
         - Suncoast Technologies
      C and the 8051
         - Thomas W. Schultz
         - Prentice Hall
         - ISBN 0-13-753815-4
      Data book / Handbook / Users' Guide
         - Advanced Micro Devices
         - Dallas (User's guide for the DS5000)
         - Intel
         - Philips
         - Infineon Technologies
      Embedded Controller Forth for the 8051 Family
         - Academic Press (I think)
         - William H. Payne
         - uses a Forth development system available on the Internet
           (see above in the Forth software section)
      Embedded Systems Programming in C and Assembler
         - John Forrest Brown
         - Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1994
         - 304 pages, $49.95
         - ISBN 0-442-01817-7
         - covers Motorola and Intel processors
         - includes diskette with code from the book
         - book review in Dr. Dobb's Journal, November 1994, page 121
      Experimenter's guide
         - Rigel Corporation
      Flow Design for Embedded Systems
         - Barry Kauler
         - R&D Books / Miller Freeman (USA), 1997
           distributed in Europe by McGraw-Hill
         - ISBN 0-87930-469-3
         - http://www.rdbooks.com/
         - bundled with a sophisticated graphical diagrammer and CASE
           tool, K-Flow diagrammer, that runs on Windows 3.1 or 95
         - source code for the TERSE RTOS is supplied
      Introduction to Microcontroller Design, Based on the 8051 family of
     Processors
         - Business Data Computers
         - P.O. Box 1549, Chester, CA  96020
       The Microcontroller Idea Book
         - Jan Axelson (of Microcomputer Journal fame)
         - features the 8052-BASIC microcontroller
         - hands-on guide with complete plans (schematics, design theory,
           program listings, construction details, etc)
         - explains how to use sensors, relays, displays, clock/calendars,
           keypads, wireless links, and more
         - 1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
         - Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
           (608)241-5824
         - contact the author at jaxelson@lvr.com
         - WWW: http://www.lvr.com/
         - Lakeview Research's microcontroller page (resources for
           8052-Basic projects): http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm
      Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller
         - Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia
         - wealth of information, including: 8051 architecture,
           programming basics and techniques, on-chip features, building
           your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various peripherals
         - hardware experiments contains plans and code for:  scanning a
           keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency generator, measuring
           light and temperature intensity (analog to digital), digital to
           analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation, interfacing to
           intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and implementing a
           multi-drop RS-485 network
         - accompanying diskette has an 8051 simulator and all source code
           for the projects in the book
         - must have book for the hobbyist or professional
         - $34.38, 352 pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5
         - Addison-Wesley
   5.2.2)  Book reviews
      Russ Hersch's review of the book:
     Programming and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller
     by Sencer Yeralan and Ashutosh Ahluwalia
         Addison-Wesley has just released a GREAT new book, "Programming
        and Interfacing the 8051 Microcontroller" by Sencer Yeralan and
        Ashutosh Ahluwalia.  I had actually reviewed the manuscript some
        time back, and the book has now finally been released.  This book
        contains a wealth of information - it answers a lot of Frequently
        Asked Questions that often appear in comp.robotics,
        sci.electronics, and comp.arch.embedded.
         Among the some of the basic subjects covered include: 8051
        architecture, programming basics and techniques, on-chip features,
        building your own 8051 system, and interfacing to various
        peripherals.  A section on hardware experiments contains plans and
        code for:  scanning a keypad, stepper motor control, a frequency
        generator, measuring light and temperature intensity (analog to
        digital), digital to analog conversion, DC motor speed regulation,
        interfacing to intelligent Liquid Crystal Displays, and
        implementing a multi-drop RS-485 network.
          The book comes with a diskette containing an 8051 simulator and
        all source code for the projects in the book.  This is a must have
        book for the hobbyist or professional.  Available for $34.38, 352
        pages, paperback, ISBN 0-201-63365-5.  Run, don't walk, to your
        bookstore and get one now.  I mean it, this is a great book.
       Russ Hersch's review of the book:
     The Microcontroller Idea Book
     by Jan Axelson
         This book is loosely based on a series of articles Jan wrote for
        ComputerCraft magazine (now the Microcomputer Journal).  If you
        are at all familiar with her work, you already realize that you're
        wasting your time by reading this review and you might as well
        just order your copy now.
         This is an excellent book for hobbyists and tinkerers, as it
        includes complete circuit schematics and parts lists, design
        theory, example program listings, construction and debugging tips,
        and vendor listings.  The example circuits and programs are based
        on the 8052-BASIC chip (a favorite with hobbyists due to its ease
        of use), and there is a lot of material on programming in BASIC52.
        The book is [very] useful even if you use a standard 8051 part.
        Lots of different interfacing ideas including: sensors, motors,
        LEDs, LCDs, wireless links, and a LOT more.
         Chapter titles:  microcontroller basics, inside the 8052-
        BASIC, powering up, saving programs, programming, inputs and
        outputs, switches and keypads, displays, using sensors to
        detect and measure, clocks and calendars, control circuits,
        wireless links, calling assembly-language routines, running
        BASIC-52 from external memory, related products
         If you are just starting out with microcontrollers, and don't have
        a clue where to start or what to control, this book is just what
        you need.  As the title of the book says, it's an idea book.
              The Microcontroller Idea Book
             Jan Axelson
             1994, 273 pages, $31.95 + shipping
             Lakeview Research, 2209 Winnebago St., Madison, WI  53704
                (608)241-5824
                Email: jaxelson@lvr.com
                Web: http://www.lvr.com/
       Russ Hersch's review of the book:
     The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
     by Richard H. Barnett
         This book VERY thoroughly discusses the design and implementation
        of controllers using the 8051.  Dick says his book is "lots of
        meat, very little filler", but he's a bit off the mark here.  What
        he means to say is this book is many large chunks of meat, no
        vegetables, and no potatoes - we are NOT talking Hamburger Helper
        here gang.  The introduction alone contains circuits for 3
        controllers (one 8085 design used as a comparison).  Many hardware
        and softare examples are included.  Everywhere you turn in this
        book, you'll find circuit diagrams and sample code, including
        complete designs for three different microcontroller projects in
        the last chapter.  Clear and in-depth coverage of interfacing and
        peripheral use leaves very little to the imagination.
         This is a good book for both students and professionals who are
        trying to figure out how to start designing there own
        microcontroller.  Experienced hobbyists will also appreciate the
        many examples.  Novices might be a bit overwhelmed by this book.
              The 8051 Family of Microcontrollers
             Richard H. Barnett
             Prentice-Hall, 1995
             ISBN 0-02-306281-9
         For more info contact the author - rbarnett@purdue.edu
       Richard Kendrick's review of the book:
     8051 Interfacing and Applications
     from Applied Logic Engineering
         IN BRIEF
         An excellent collection of interfacing circuits and well commented
        source code in assembly.  This is not a book for beginners as it
        assumes the user is very familiar with the architecture of the
        8051 and its registers.  A disk of assembly source code listings
        is included.
         CHAPTERS
               1    - 8051 Interfacing and Applications
              1.1  - Introduction
              1.2  - Main System Core
              1.3  - Simple Methods of User Input
              1.4  - Interfacing a 16 digit keypad to the 8031
              1.5  - Centronics Parallel Input Port
              1.6  - Centronics Parallel Output Port
              1.7  - Interfacing to the built-in Serial Port
              1.8  - Interfacing to a Dual Channel UART
              1.9  - Interfacing to an LCD
              1.10 - Bank Selection of Memory
                   - Appendix A: List of Vendors
                   - Appendix B: Connection to an External Computer
                      0.1 RS-232 Serial Connection
                      0.2 Centronics Interface Cabling
         COMMENTS
         This spiral bound book is thin (74 pages) but manages to cover a
        lot of information.  All of the sub-chapters have excellent code
        listings with full comments, partial schematic diagrams, and an
        occasional timing diagram.  The chapter on using the serial port
        is based on the MAX232 chip becoming so popular.  A table of timer
        reload values is provided to get standard baud rates but the book
        only mentions the required clock frequency of 11.0592 mHz in the
        first chapter.  It also doesn't explain why a seemingly
        non-standard crystal frequency was chosen.  The dual UART channel
        features the 2681 chip.  The LCD chapter gives a small but
        adequate explaination of the Hitachi controller chip usage on LCD
        displays and a tiny fragment of data on display characteristics of
        LCDs.  The bank selection of memory is useful showing code and
        schematic using five 62256 chips for 160K bytes of read/write
        memory.
       Richard Kendrick's review of the book:
     Microprocessor/Controller Design
     by Wayne P. Lichti of Business Data Computers
         A lame little book better bypassed.  As an introductory text,
        Kenneth Ayala's book is the winner hands down.  This book is a
        poor rehash of the same information in Intel's or AMD's data book.
        There is one code listing in the book and does little more than
        tell the reader that the 8051 family of processors exist.
         This book is 134 pages of wasted time.  The schematics were
        printed on a dot matrix printer and poorly reproduced.  Many of
        the sections are just a table or a paragraph with two or three
        sentences.  Use Ayala's book, you'll learn a lot more useful
        information.
       John Little's review of the book:
     The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming and Applications
     by Kenneth J. Ayala
         IN BRIEF
         A good book for those who are already moderately familiar with
        assembly language programming and wish to learn more about 8051
        specifics.  Has many example listings, all of which are very well
        documented in terms of comments and explanations in the text. NOT
        a book for absolute beginners OR hardware hackers looking for
        circuits and applications.
          CHAPTERS
            1 - Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
           2 - The 8051 Architecture.
           3 - Moving Data.
           4 - Logical Operations.
           5 - Arithmetic Operations.
           6 - Jump and Call Opcodes.
           7 - An 8051 Microcontroller Design.
           8 - Applications.
           9 - Serial Data Communication.
           A - 8051 Operational Code Mnemonics.
           B - How to Use the Assembler.
           C - how to Use the Simulator.
           D - The 8255 Programmable I/O Port.
           E - Control Registers.
          COMMENTS
         In his preface to the book, Mr Ayala states that that it is
        intended for "... a diverse audience. It is meant for use
        primarily by those who work in the area of electronic design and
        assembly language programming of small, dedicated computers".
        Later, he goes on to refer the reader to the manufacturer's data
        books for more information on hardware issues. This sets the tone
        for the whole book, which is very much software orientated.
         Anyone buying the book expecting to find reams of circuit diagrams
        and details on how to build their own 8051 driven, automated car
        assembly plant will be disappointed. In fact, most of the circuits
        and applications shown are very much conceptual, with generic,
        black-box outlines for most of the components. The single
        exception to this is a fairly complete system (8031, EPROM & RAM,
        jumper selectable memory sizes) in the chapter on microcontroller
        design.  Even then, there's no I/O shown (the txd/rxd are
        unconnected).
         Having said that, Mr Ayala does do a fairly thorough job of
        working through the peculiarities of the 8051, with detailed
        coverage of memory organisation, bit/byte level operations,
        timers, interrupts and, at the end of the book, a complete chapter
        on 8051 communication modes. Each area has relevant assembly
        language listings, along with a detailed explanation of the
        workings of the code.
         Each section also has highlighted "comment" passages which point
        out common pitfalls and reinforce critical points. Each chapter
        ends with a summary of the important points covered and a series
        of ten to twenty pertinent problems for the reader to solve. For
        the most part, the answers to the problems can be found in the
        text.  In later chapters though, the reader is asked to elaborate
        on various programming themes and to write assembly language
        programs of their own to perform various tasks. The problems range
        from the bland "Name twenty items which have a built in
        microcontroller" (Chapter 1), to the more esoteric "Compose a
        40-value lookup table that will generate a sawtooth wave using a
        D/A converter" (Chapter 8).
         It should be noted that the book is not aimed at the complete
        novice. For instance, although assembly language listings are used
        throughout, it is not until Appendix B that the reader finds out
        what the assembler actually does and how the listings relate to
        machine code. Even then, the complete neophyte will be left with a
        rather empty feeling, as there are pages and pages of code, the
        schematic for a (more or less) complete system and instructions on
        how to use the assembler, but no information at all on how the
        object code should be utilised (other than with the included
        simulator - see below). If you don't already know how to blow an
        EPROM, you're in trouble.
         The diskette which accompanies the book contains the PseudoSam
        assembler (which is used throughout) and an 8051 simulator. Both
        being intended for use on a PC (it's a measure of how fast the
        computer industry is evolving that a 5.25 inch diskette seems a
        little archaic just three years after the publication date of the
        book).  The PseudoSam assembler ran fine on my system and I was
        able to assemble several of the examples from the book and
        successfully run them on a small, home-brew 8031 system. I was
        totally unable to get the simulator to run. However, as it failed
        on several different systems I'm prepared to believe that my
        particular copy of the diskette was at fault.
          SUMMARY
         All in all, a recommended book for those who have previous
        assembly language experience and wish to get to know details
        relating to the 8051 microcontroller. While the internal
        architecture of the chip is covered in detail, external hardware
        and peripheral interfacing is not.  Only the basic 8051/31 is
        covered, with little mention of the other variants available.
        There are extensive listings in the text, covering routines for
        handling keyboards and displays, as well as timing loops and
        communications. A large, clear typeface ensures that all of the
        listings are completely legible. The layout and presentation of
        the book is excellent, with a consistent, unambiguous style used
        throughout.
        Tim McDonough's review of the book:
     C and the 8051: Programming for Multitasking
     by Thomas W. Schultz
         Schultz's book provides a brief overview of the 8051 architecture
        but is primarily a discussion of multi-tasking software in an 8051
        environment.  He presents quite a few code examples.  The examples
        and the accompanying text show comparisons of how to accomplish
        things in assembler, PLM, and C.  The C examples presented are
        based on Version 3 of the Franklin compiler but should be easily
        understandable by anyone already familiar with C.
         Later chapters in the book deal with more advanced topics.
        Chapters are devoted to Real-Time Ideas, Timing and Scheduling,
        Communications and Synchronization, Interrupts, Priority, and
        Context, and Distributed Systems.  The Real-Time Ideas chapter
        briefly discusses six Real Time Operating System (RTOS) kernels
        offered by several vendors.  Later in the book some examples are
        given to simple applications with and without using a RTOS.
         All in all, a useful addition to my technical library.  It is one
        of the few 8051 books that goes beyond the basics and would be
        particularly of interest to those contemplating their first
        non-trivial 8051 design.
       Russ Hersch's review of the book:
     Basic-52 Programming
     by Bruce Boyes, Will Bagley, and Scott Kendall of Systronix, Inc.
         A must have book for Basic-52 programmers.  The book starts out
        with an introduction to BASIC-52 programming, program editing, and
        techniques.  About a hundred of the book's 160 pages are a
        detailed and quite useful reference of the commands and
        statements.  Six appendixes covering advanced topics round out
        this most useful volume.  A quick index to commands, operators,
        and instructions printed on the back cover of the book is a nice
        finishing touch.  For only $20.00, it's a bargain at twice the
        price.  Well, let's not get carried away, but if you're
        programming in Basic-52, this book is indispensible.
   5.3)  Miscellaneous documentation on the 8051
      Advanced Micro Devices
         - application notes
      Intel Corporation
         - application notes
      L.S. Electronic Systems Design
         - application notes (source code on diskette and schematics)
      Philips Semiconductors (Signetics)
         - application notes
      Software Science
         - application notes
   __________________________________________________________
  I disclaim everything.  The contents of this article might be totally
 inaccurate, inappropriate, misguided, or otherwise perverse - except for
 my name (hopefully I got that right).
  Copyright © 2000 CPU Technologies and Microcontroller.com, all rights reserved
 Original Copyright © 1997 by Russ Hersch.
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   as long as it is posted in its entirety and includes this copyright
   statement.
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 This FAQ may not be included in commercial collections or compilations
    without express permission from the author.
  Bill Giovino/FAQs Manager faqs@microcontroller.com